Alexander Hamilton and the founding of the Nation Essay

American history Presentation  â â â â â â â â â â Alexander Hamilton was an exceptionally disputable man of his age and he was a talented legislator who was brought somewhere around genuine shortcomings of presumption, extraordinary openness and tenacity. Hamilton’s profession and life were set apart by a sensational ascent to chivalry, disaster and embarrassment (Hamilton and Morris, 1957). Anyway his commitments are as yet apparent. As the Secretary of the Treasury in the fierce early long stretches of the state, Hamilton led the change of youthful country into mechanical powerhouse. American experience is a 2-hour narrative which highlights entertainer Brian F. O’ Byrne, Tony Award winning Broadway who is the most dubious establishing father in America. American Experience enlivens most convincing accounts of the past which illuminate people’s comprehension of the contemporary world. This film is something beyond a history exercise because of its regard for Hamilton’s mistakes and brain research (Nelson, 2011).  â â â â â â â â â â Hamilton’s open life and furthermore the approaches that he supported are allowed a lot of consideration since they are intriguing. The most intriguing thing is the examination which is inescapable among at that point and today, and how strife of thoughts that began not long after the contemporary country was founded is as yet obvious (Hogeland, 2007). Hamilton committed as long as he can remember on making the United States to be a superior country. The narrative shows how joined expressed had the option to grow rapidly from the infant country under the watch of Hamilton turning into the probably the most grounded economy around the globe, making the Louisiana Purchase a reality, the size of the US multiplied, the structure of railways and trenches, and foundation of overwhelming industry which helped in powering the advancement of the biggest urban areas in United states (Murray, 2007). The film likewise shows how Hamilton pushed for a focal government that was solid and an economy dependent on assembling â€ideas and business which was regarded as radical by numerous people. He pushed for fairness, contradicted bondage and furthermore prompted birth of a two-party framework in America (Hamilton and Frisch, 1985). References Nelson, S. (Chief). (2011). American experience [Documentary]. US: PBS Distribution. This film secured Hamilton’s short life, one that had too much of catastrophe, chivalry and embarrassment. It additionally shows the accomplishments and his commitments towards creating United States. Hamilton, An., and Morris, R. B. (1957). Alexander Hamilton and the establishing of the Nation. New York: Dial Press. This book shows the short life lived by Alexander Hamilton and furthermore how he established United States. In such manner the book clarifies his numerous commitments and improvements that changed United States to improve things. Hamilton, An., and Frisch, M. J. (1985). Chosen compositions and talks of Alexander Hamilton. Washington: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. This book shows Hamilton’s addresses and works. I t likewise shows the arrangements that he advocate including how he was battling for balance and restricting subjection. Hogeland, William. â€Å"Inventing Alexander Hamilton†. Boston Review 32:6 (Nov/Dec 2007); 21-24 This article how Alexander Hamilton established and created America from being a frail country to a solid country. This article additionally portrays his life and numerous strategies that he started to build up the United States. Murray, J. A. (2007). Alexander Hamilton America’s overlooked originator. New York: Algora Pub.. This book likewise shows Hamilton’s dubious life and furthermore numerous approaches that he supported towards accomplishing equity for all and for a superior United States. Source record

Classical Design Elements In Architecture Essay Example For Students

Old style Design Elements In Architecture Essay Since forever, Classical standards of the old Greeks and Romans have been pervasive in all aspects of craftsmanship. In engineering this is particularly obvious. A couple of the Classical goals utilized in engineering are colonnaded porticoes, domed focuses and balanced designs.Architects, for example, Andrea di Pietro, Christopher Wren and Thomas Jefferson utilized these Classical plan components in their separate works. These profoundly respected people were modelers of the Mannerist, Baroque and Neo-Classical Ages individually. They each pre-owned Classical plan components in their design to depict a feeling of straightforwardness and concordance in their work, just as to reflect Classical goals of request and scientific extent. We will compose a custom exposition on Classical Design Elements In Architecture explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Andrea di Pietro, a planner of the Mannerist Age, utilized the components of Classical structure in his attempts to accomplish effortlessness and amicability. The transcendent draftsman of the Mannerist style was Andrea di Pietro, known as Palladio(Matthews And Platt 340). The work that Palladio is generally equal with is the Villa Capra, otherwise called the Villa Rotunda. The Villa Rotunda, in view of the Classical structure of a Roman farmhouse, was worked for a well off Venetian (Matthews and Platt 340,341). The Villa features Classical standards of design in various manners. Palladio utilized the utilization of colonnaded porticoes in the Villa, a secured yard upheld by sections, which is regularly situated at the front of the structure. The Villa Rotunda has four of these colonnaded porticoes. The porticoes give a smooth change between the passageway of the structure and the encompassing grounds. Notwithstanding the porticoes, Palladio utilized the domed focus on the Villa, for feel, yet additionally to make an essential issue in the building.The even plan of the Villa is obvious from this main issue. The evenness of the Villa mirrors the Classical beliefs of request, just as scientific extent. These components of Classical plan were utilized with incredible accomplishment in Palladios time and were likewise utilized by draftsmen in later periods, for example, the Baroque Age. Christopher Wren, a planner of the Baroque Age, likewise utilized Classical structure components in his functions as an impression of Classical beliefs. Wren is credited with the structure of various structures in England, however is most popular for the houses of worship he was appointed to plan and reconstruct after the Great Fire of London in 1666 (Matthews and Platt 394). His magnum opus is St. Pauls Cathedral in London (Matthews and Platt 394), which, right up 'til today, is one of Londons most prestigious houses of worship. St. Pauls colonnaded patio is a prime case of the Classical components utilized by Wren. The colonnaded patio of St Pauls Cathedral is conquered by another colonnaded porch, making various perfect, requested lines that add to the evenness and scientific extent of the congregation. Wren likewise utilized the arch on the church as a showcase of Classical structure components. The arch makes a main issue of center for style and balance. The balance of St. Pauls Cathedral is like the evenness of Palladios Villa Rotunda, and is likewise like structures found in American Neo-Classical structures. The Neo-Classical Period confirm Classical plan components that can be found in structures of the previous British settlements in the United States. The Neo-Classical Period, interchangeable with the Federal Period in the United States, was the point at which the plans and thoughts of designers, for example, Thomas Jefferson turned out to be generally utilized. Jefferson, truly venerated as a legislator and government official, was likewise a splendid engineer and urban organizer (Unknown 1). Jeffersons Virginia home Monticello, which means little mountain in Italian (Unknown 1), epitomizes his utilization of Classical structure components. The colonnaded porch of Monticello permitted a smooth progress between the home and the peaceful setting of the encompassing grounds in a similar way that Palladio utilized this component of plan on the Villa Rotunda. Truth be told, the Villa Rotunda filled in as Jeffersons model for Monticello during its structure and development. Moreover, the d omed focus is utilized to make an essential issue of balance, like Christopher Wrens utilization of the arch on St. Pauls Cathedral. The balanced structure of Monticello strengthens Jeffersons profound respect for the methodical and oversimplified goals of the Roman republic (Matthews and Platt 460). The plan components of Monticello utilized by Jefferson made an obviously basic structure in concordance with its environmental factors, similarly as Palladio and Wren. .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07 , .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07 .postImageUrl , .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07 , .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07:hover , .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07:visited , .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07:active { border:0!important; } .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07:active , .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uda076944e1dc88f 4741dd6bf633cfa07 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uda076944e1dc88f4741dd6bf633cfa07:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Loose Tight Dimensions Of Hrm Commerce EssayEach of these engineers made huge commitments to engineering, and their works remain generally perceived in the cutting edge period. Palladio, Christopher Wren and Thomas Jefferson are considered by numerous individuals to be the most powerful engineers of their particular occasions. Components of Classical structure, for example, colonnaded porticoes, domed focuses and even plans have been utilized since the beginning, are still broadly utilized today. These components reflect Classical beliefs, are as yet used to depict a feeling of straightforwardness and congruity, just as to mirror the Classical standards of request and numerical extent. Bibliography:Works CitedMatthews, Roy T. what's more, F. Dewitt Platt. The Western Humanities fourth Ed. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 2001Unknown. Building side of Thomas Jefferson. USA Today Magazine December 1993: 122. Scholastic Search Elite. EBSCOhost. 24 March 2001.

4 Great Books About Relationships

4 Great Books About Relationships Sponsored by Avery / TarcherPerigee, publisher of 5 TYPES OF PEOPLE WHO CAN RUIN YOUR LIFE by Bill Eddy. Some difficult people aren’t just hard to deal withâ€"they’re dangerous. When a high-conflict person has one of five common personality disorders, they can lash out in risky extremes of emotion and aggression. Bill Eddy, a lawyer and therapist with extensive mediation experience, will teach you empathy-driven conflict management techniques to protect yourself. Filled with expert advice and real-life anecdotes, 5 Types of People Who Can Ruin Your Life is an essential guide to helping you escape negative relationships, build healthy connections, and safeguard your reputation and personal life in the process. Ah, relationships. Cant live with em, cant live without em. Humans just have this knack for relating to others. And it is Hard Work.  But never fear! Were here to offer some great books about relationshipsâ€"from how to be a better friend to how to be in a healthy romantic and/or sexual relationship. If nonfiction isnt your jam, check out these  cute graphic memoirs about relationships. Or if youre looking for ways to bring your bookishness into your relationship, weve got you covered. On to the books! There Is No Good Card for This: What To Say and Do When Life Is Scary, Awful, and Unfair to People You Love by Kelsey Crowe and Emily McDowell How do you react when a friend tells you they have cancer? Or a coworkers father died suddenly? Or your best pal is getting divorced? Its probably not a great response if youre caught off guard. This book will help with that. Kelsey Crowe and Emily McDowell give examples of good and bad responses to the above situations, and then explain how theyre good and bad. They taught me to be more empatheticâ€"and to not simply respond in Annoying Optimist or Problem Solver mode.  This book should be in every starter pack for humans who interact with other humans. Sex From Scratch: Making Your Own Relationship Rules by Sarah Mirk This! Book! is! So! Informative! Sarah Mirk interviews people from all corners of the world and all areas of the gender spectrum about every kind of relationship. Most chapters are a lengthy interview or essayâ€"hi, Erica Moen, Stu Rasmussen, and Tristan Taormino, among othersâ€"followed by a list of tips from that interviewee for healthy relationships. Be nice to each other. Communicate deeply before diving into polyamory.  Dont fake orgasm. Be respectful of transitioning and new identities. Be clear upfront about if you want children. Be civil and graceful when its time for a relationship to end. Its a great read to broaden your idea of what a relationship could be, and is one of my new favorite books about relationships. How to Be Married: What I Learned from Real Women on Five Continents about Surviving My First (Really Hard) Year of Marriage by Jo Piazza Jo Piazza, a travel journalist, took her work with on her honeymoon. In the months leading up to her marriage and the year after the wedding, she and her husband traveled the world, asking the people they encountered what led to a great marriage. In Chile, where dancing is integral to marriage, they learn to dance and to let the other lead. The Museum of Broken Relationships: Modern Love in 203 Everyday Objects by Olinka Vistica and Drazen Grubisic When a relationship ends, the detritus that remains is painful. Its thrown away. Burned. Donated. Shredded. Except for that one objectâ€"the wedding dress in the mason jar, the GPS, the little rubber piggyâ€"that makes its way into boxes during every move. Olinka Vistica and Drazen Grubisic started this little museum when their relationship ended because they wanted to remember. Since then, thousands of people have submitted notes and objects to the museum. This book is a collection of that: A sad recounting of 203 loves lost, but also a bright light, a sign of the ability to carry on. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

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Adverse Effect Of Alcohol Consumption - 1321 Words

The Adverse Effect of Alcohol Consumption In Whiting S. Albert’s article â€Å"Alcohol Use Is Harmful† he stated that alcohol is a chemical that contains hydrogen and carbon. Whiting stated further that the active ingredient of alcohol is ethyl alcohol, which is also known as ethanol. Alcohol is one of the few things that human being consume that do not need digestion. Alcohol appears the bloodstream immediately, thus, its intoxicating effects are felt instantly (1). â€Å"High levels of mortality, morbidity, and social malaise are associated with abuse of alcohol, and increasing numbers of women and youth are abusing alcohol† (Ferreira and Darryn 1). â€Å"Alcohol slows down the function of all living cells, especially those in the brain† (Whiting 1), which causes thinking to be impaired. Alcohol is probably the most used drug worldwide. â€Å"Three in ten adults 18 years of age and over have had alcoholism and/or engaged in alcohol abuse at some point in their lives †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Impa ct of Alcoholism† 1). According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, â€Å"Excessive drinking includes binge drinking, heavy drinking, and any drinking by pregnant women or people younger than age 21. Binge drinking, the most common form of excessive drinking, is defined as consuming: for women, 4 or more drinks during a single occasion, and for men, 5 or more drinks during a single occasion. Heavy drinking, however, is defined as consuming: for women, 8 or more drinks per week, and for men, 15 or more drinks perShow MoreRelatedThe Consumption Of Energy Drinks Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pagesenergy drinks are based on individual ingredients, with caffeine being identified as the ingredient with the greatest potential for intakes of possible health concern. Excess consumption of energy drinks is expected to result in health consequences similar to those from excess intake of caffeine. The mild and transient health effects include anxiety, headache and insomnia, all of which can become chronic conditions. More severe health consequences include irregu lar heartbeat, heart attack and rarely,Read More alcohol and advertising Essay627 Words   |  3 Pages Alcohol and Advertising Throughout the history of television, viewers have raised many questions about alcohol advertising. Does advertising influence alcohol consumption? Does it has an impact on alcohol abuse or alcohol related disease and death? How is advertising affecting us? The goal of this essay is to collect evidence, both theoretical and empirical, that would address the question of whether advertising affects in any measurable manner alcohol consumption and mortality from alcoholism andRead MoreFirst World Health Assembly Case Study965 Words   |  4 Pagesregarding a framework convention on alcohol control (WHA 71/1 Add. 1) was tabled. The Draft Resolution urges Member States to contribute extra budgetary resources to permit implementation of the resolution and impose the following binding obligations: 1. Tax alcohol products: this includes the obligation to implement tax policies with adjustments for inflation, price policies, and restrictions on importation of tax-free or duty-free alcohol products. 2. Regulate alcohol product disclosures by requiringRead MoreEssay on Prenatal Substance Abuse954 Words   |  4 Pagesnot only the fetus, but that of the mother. 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In the journal article â€Å"The Use of Caffeinated Alcoholic Beverages Among Underage Drinkers: Results of a National Survey† they examine the relationship between the tendencies underageRead MoreShould There Be Legal Age For Drinking Alcohol? Essay750 Words   |  3 Pagesthere be legal age for drinking alcohol? there is always a question that why alcohol is not banned .alcohol have destroyed many lives and it is still destroying .youngsters find it cool to drink alcohol so they get easily get attracted to it .when a person drinks alcohol he loses his control on himself .if a person is alcoholic the chances a person can commit crime increases. Alcohol should be ban because it is destroying our youngsters, health and psychological. Alcohol is the worst a person can beRead MoreEssay On Maternal Drinking In Aotearoa1097 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber of children affected by FASD is in the thousands. McLeod, Pullon, Cookson, Cornford (2002) study, concluded that a quarter of pregnant New Zealand women had consumed alcohol at twenty-four weeks. Further, the 2007/08 New Zealand Alcohol and Drug Use Survey found that one in four pregnant women reported having consumed alcohol at some point throughout pregnancy (Ministry of Health, 2010). However, studies in the United States suggest that the prevalence of FASD to be a conservative 1% in AotearoaRead MoreAddiction As A Relationship By Jean Kilbourne1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe amount of advertisements for substances is out of control. The public is being forced to witness the death of our society with every commercial promoting the wonderfulness of alcohol and that only with alcohol your life can be truly meaningful and full of friends and family. After reading the essay â€Å"Addiction as a Relationship† by Jean Kilbourne, I didn’t really understand the death grip that these companies’ had on consumers until now. 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Study of Leadership in Professional Practice Health and Social care Free Essays

Introduction This essay will discuss leadership, the various definitions and theoretical concepts in context to leadership. The different qualities and characteristics of an exemplary leader and identify leadership styles in congruence to health care and self. It will also discuss the importance of reflective learning and various models which aid in reflection are also discussed and using a reflective approach identify strengths and weakness of own leadership and learning styles, and develop a personal development plan to review the strengths and strategize an action plan to overcome the weaknesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Study of Leadership in Professional Practice Health and Social care or any similar topic only for you Order Now Leaders are ordinary people who do extraordinary things as asserted by Kouzes and Posner (1995).Leadership definitions are more often confusing and ambiguous because of the use of indefinite terms to describe phenomena such as authority, power, management, administration, and supervision Yulk (1989). Leadership is defined under multiple dimensions. Weihrich and Koontz (2005) defines leadership as influence, they compare it to an art or process of influencing people so that they strive readily and enthusiastically towards the attainment of group goals. Another definition on leadership views it as the use of interpersonal skills in achieving specific goals Sullivan and Garland (2010). Yet another leadership definition asserted by Bitpipe’s (2006) is that leadership is a management skill that focuses on the development and employment of vision, mission and strategy as well as the creation of a motivated workforce. Hughes et al (2006) suggest that the wide range of definitions can contribute to a better and greater understanding of the various factors that influence leadership, as well as present different perspectives on the concept. Leadership is a term hard to contain within a certain number of theories. However various theorists describe the various paradigms of leadership. Leadership theories are dynamic and change over time. The earliest theories on leadership were during the 1900-1940 which were the basis of most leadership research. The two theories widely discussed were the Great Man theory and Trait theories. The Great Man theory from is developed from the Aristotelian philosophy which asserts that certain people are born to lead whereas others are born to be led. The theory further suggests that great leaders arise when situations demand it. Trait theory asserts that some people have certain characteristics or a personality trait that makes them better leaders than others. Gofee and Jones (2000) cited in their work that early theories of leadership focused on personality traits of leaders, as though leadership was a characteristic that resided in some people not others. The various traits associated with the theory are intelligence, knowledge, judgment, decisiveness, oral fluency, interpersonal relationship and creativity to mention a few. Behavioral theories were developed during the human relation era between1940-1980. The theory strongly emphasized on the leaders’ style of leadership. Lewin and White (1951) and Lippit (1960) isolated three main leadership styles associated with the theory namely authoritarian, democratic and Laissez- Faire. The authoritarian style of leadership is in which the group are motivated by coercion, strong control is exercised at all times by the leader over the group. The flow of communication is always downwards. The decision making is vested in the leader and criticism is always punitive. Authoritarian leadership is helpful in well defined group actions. This style provides group members a feeling of security. The productivity of the group is high; however creativity and autonomy are compromised. It is most useful in crisis situations. In the democratic style the leader less control is maintained on the group, members are directed through suggestions and guidance, communication i s didactic, decision making is shared. Emphasis on â€Å"we feeling† and equality, criticism is constructive. Democratic style of leadership is appropriate for groups who work together for extended periods, promotes autonomy and growth in individual work. The style is effective when cooperation and coordination between groups are required. The Laissez-Faire style of leadership is one where the leader is very permissive and has less or no control over the group. The leader motivates by support and only upon request from the members. No criticism is performed. It can be used when all group members highly motivated and self directed. This type of leadership style is used to bring about creativity. It is most appropriate in poorly defined problems and to create solutions with great extent of brainstorming. Situational and contingency leadership theories concepts emerged during the 1950-1980 period. The theory of contingency approach outlined by Fidler (1967) suggested that no one leadership style is ideal for every situation. He argued that task to be accomplished and the power associated with the leaders’ position are key variables. Benis and Nanus (1985) further strengthen the theory by stating leaders cannot lead without power, and also referring power as the currency of leadership. Situational approach to leadership was developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1977). Their model of leadership effectiveness predicts leadership style is appropriate in each situation based on the level of the followers’ maturity. The next theory to evolve in the argument of theorists which added complexity to leadership was the interactional theory. The basic concepts of these theories were that the leadership behavior is usually determined by the relationship between leaders’ personality and specific situation. Brandt’s (1994) interactive leadership model suggests that leaders develop a work environment that fosters autonomy and creativity through valuing and empowering followers. Brandt states that this type of leadership gives the leader greater freedom while simultaneously increasing the leader’s responsibility. However as an advantage there is lesser need in resolving conflicts between followers. The modern theories of leadership led way to the development of transactional and transformational leadership. Burn’s (2003) came out with a novel addition to the interactional theory suggesting that both leaders and followers have the ability to raise each other to higher levels of motivation and morality. This concept was identified as transformational leadership. Mc Guire and Kennerly (2006) identifies transactional leaders as leaders who sets goals, gives directions and uses rewards to reinforce employee behaviors related with accomplishing established goals. Longnecker (2006) states that the transformational leader inspires and motivates followers not only as a role model but also by recognizing the uniqueness of the follower and being creative. Martins and Henderson (2001) argues that by developing shared values and sense of purpose, transformational leaders can alter how staff sees themselves and their organization. Servant leadership developed by Greenleaf (1977) greatly influenced leadership thinking of the 21st century. The leader puts service of his/her employers, customers and community as the number one priority. Greenleaf argued that to be a great leader, one must be a servant first. Howatson and Jones (2004) assert that leadership is about ‘leaders serving the needs of followers and empowering them rather than the organization’. Other modern theories of leadership styles include principle agent theory, emotional intelligence, authentic leadership, thought leadership and quantum leadership. Shirley (2006) outlines the five distinguishing characteristics as purpose, values, heart, relationship and self discipline. The Kouzes and Posner (1995) model on the characteristics of exemplary leadership stated that leaders should have five main qualities. ‘Inspiring a shared vision’,’ modeling the way’, ‘challenging the process’, ‘encouraging the heart’ and enabling others to act. In a study of the role of leadership in modernizing and improving public services, Hartley and Allison (2002) describe three different aspects of leadership which they describe as the ‘three Ps’: ‘the person’, ‘the position’ and ‘the process’. Leadership roles adapted from Kotter (1990) and Northouse (1997) asserts that leadership produces change and movement, vision building and strategizing, aligning people and communicating and motivating and inspiring. The study conducted by the Hay group in 2007 to ascertain whether leadership styles of various ward managers can affect levels of staff satisfaction and in turn patient care using a 3600 leadership and work climate assessment identified six different leadership styles namely ‘directive’ , ‘visionary’ , ‘affiliative’ , ‘participative’ , ‘pace-setting’ and coaching. Reflection gives us a thorough record and it is a well established tool for learning as asserted by Benner (2001). The theories of reflection are approached through various aspects included the works of four writers namely John Dewey, Jurgen Habermas, Donald Schon and David Kolb. Dewey (1933, p.9) defines reflection as an ‘active, persistent and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusion to which it ends.’ Another definition consistent with the definition of Dewey †Reflection in context of learning is a generic term for those intellectual and affective activities in which individuals engage to explore their experiences in order to lead to new understandings and appreciation.†Boud et al (1985, p.9). Dewey has two aspects of reflective thinking, the state of doubt and an act of searching. The Boud et al process suggests that the reflective process is initiated when the individual returns to the experience, recollecting what has taken place and replaying the experience. Finally revaluation takes place. There are different categories of models of reflection which are structured, hierarchical, iterative, synthetic and holistic. Structured models include two works on reflection by Johns (1993, 1994a, 1994b) describes reflection as a simple task to do without expert guidance and good support. The reflective model put forth by John’s is in context to health services and is termed as guided framework of reflection. Smyth (1991) developed another structured model. He stages the model into four stages. The first stage involves describing the moment; second stage encompasses informing what the moment describes itself as. The next stage is to confront the moment and knowing how the moment was like. The final stage called the construct describes how the person would do things differently. Of the best known hierarchical models; Mezirow (1983) developed a model where reflection is described in seven levels. ‘Reflectivity’ which forms the base of the level is described as the act of becoming aware of a specific incident or inferring meaning acting. The second level is ‘affective’ it is described as the way one feels about the way one perceives, thinks or acts. Thereafter in the third level called the ‘descriminant’ the person asses the efficacy of his/her perception and try to realize the reality of the context in which he/she works that is identify the relationship to a situation. The fourth stage or level is ‘judgmental‘ , making and becoming aware of your value about perception , as whether they are positive or negative. The sixth level is called the ‘psychic’ level where one recognizes about one’s self about the habit of making precipitant judgment about the people based on limited information. Th e ‘theoretical’ level forms the top of the model which is becoming aware of the underlying assumptions. Iterative models are the models that are based upon the idea that the reflective process is described as a cycle and that in depth awareness and increase of knowledge and skillfulness arise from repeated ‘clockwise’ movements. Gibbs reflective cycle (1988) is a six point cycle which starts from description of an event asking a question like what happened, secondly describing the feeling at point of event, thereafter evaluating about the experience whether it was good or bad. Then making an analysis of the situation and making sense out of it. The fifth point of the cycle is about concluding the incident in terms of what could have been done. Finally drawing out an action plan what would you do if the experience arises again. Atkins and Murphy (1994) developed a cyclical model by drawing in consideration and works of others. They state that it is possible to begin the reflective process by reflecting on achievements. The first point of the cycle begins with the awareness of uncomfortable feeling or thought, then describe the situation where the feeling and thoughts occurs, thereafter analyze feelings and challenge the knowledge and in the next point in the cycle which is the ‘action’ where a new experience is generated. The strengths of these two models are that it encompasses knowledge, feelings and action in one learning cycle. Another variant in the iterative model is the Bouden et al (1985). The second variant is that of Ghaye et al (1996b) which is based on action research literature put forth by Donald Schon. I undertook the assessment of my own leadership skill using 3600 leadership questionnaire based on the work of Kouzes and Posner (2003). The leadership questionnaire helped me identify my strengths and weaknesses. My strengths outlined according to the 3600 questionnaire were determination, competent and strong communicator and networker. I could identify my strengths as a leader with the above theories of leadership. The weakness of my leadership skills outlined from the questionnaire was that I lacked the quality of inspiring and empowering others. Personal development plan (PDP), is a tool that can identify areas for further development and encourage lifelong learning. It acts as a process of planning, monitoring, assessment, and support to help staff develop their capabilities and potential to fulfill their job role and purpose. To identify my preferred learning style I undertook the Honey and Momford (1986) learning styles questionnaire and identified my preferred learning style as a strong reflector and a pragmatist and a moderate preference as that of a theorist. The best way that a reflector would learn is by observing individuals or group at work. They usually review what has happened and think about what they have learned, prefer doing tasks with tight deadlines. However a reflector learns less when acting as a leader or role playing. Doing things with no time to prepare and while being thrown at deep ends. Using the Gibbs model of reflection (1988) I was able to describe an incident which helped me learn about a new experience. The incident took place at the lecture hall 7020 in my university. I had an opportunity to learn about communication and personality. I learned about the Myer’s-Brigg’s inventory on the types of personalities and the dichotomies which elicited the personality traits. I thought about the dichotomy and was able to relate and identify my personality trait. Before learning about the inventory on personality I was not aware of my traits. The experience has helped me to understand and make me aware of myself and also to regard different personalities other than mine. Thus helping me to understand people with different personality traits and build up a harmonious interaction. The learning has helped me formulate an action in my personal development plan to enable me to inspire others as a leader and empower them. The Gibb’s cycle (1988) is a cyclic al process; it’s easy to understand and is very malleable and flexible. All the most Gibb’s cycle has helped me develop a personal development plan action. The Myers-Briggs type indicator is based on the Carl Jung’s theory of personality. The model identifies human behavior and personality styles in four dimensions. Bar and Bar (1989) who did study and administered Myers-Briggs type indicators in various managers and executives suggested that leaders must develop excellence in all eight areas to maintain consistent leadership. The dimensions are life attitude under which categories are extroversion or introversion. The second dimension is perception under which the category is sensing or intuiting. The third dimension is judgment under which categories of thinking or feeling are described. The fourth dimension is outer world orientation which holds categories of judging or perceiving. The core issue of leadership throughout the essay exemplifies the dynamic nature of leadership. The reflective learning process is a very important aspect of leadership within health care Transformational and transactional leadership qualities are regarded to the lie within leadership ability which demands high quality care Avolio and Bass (1998). The learning style helps a leader to understand the specific learning needs by developing a personal development plan involving reflective thinking. Great leader are not made and not born. REFERENCES Atkins, S. and Murphy, K. (1994)’ Reflective Practice ‘, nursing standard, 8(39), pp: 49-50. Bass, B.M. , Avolio, B.J. , and Goodheim , L. (1987) Biography and the assessment of transformational leadership at the world – class level , journal of management, 13(1), pp: 17-19. Bennis, W. (1989) Why leaders can’t lead. San Francisco: Jossey-Boss. 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Wall Street Essays (204 words) - 20th Century Fox Films, Wall Street

Wall Street Johnny Cockrocker WALL STREET In the big city of New York there always exist those who push the envelope a bit, and stretch the law. One such man played by Michael Douglas makes money buying and selling others dreams. He is a stock speculator; but one that succeeds based on illegal inside information. As he puts it I make nothing, I own Released in 1987, Oliver Stone's Wall Street is a representation of bad morals and poor business ethics in the business world. It also shows the negative effects, bad morals and poor business ethics can have on society. The film revolves around the actions of two main characters, Bud Fox (Charlie Sheen) and Gordon Gekko (Michael Douglas). Bud is a young stockbroker who comes from a working-class family and Gekko is a millionaire who Bud admires and wants to be associated with. Wall Street points out how wrong it is to exchange morality for money. Gordon Gekko reflects this message, and yet receives a standing ovation at a stockholders meeting after delivering his greed is good spe ech. The underlying theme of the movie is that greed is not only not ethical but it lacks moral substance in todays society. Film and Cinema