We Do Feet Essay Example

We Do Feet Essay We Do Feet is a specialist foot massage boutique aimed at offering its customers a chance to put their feet up, relax and be pampered, all at affordable prices. The warm, relaxing ambience of the boutiques is created through a combination of soothing music, calming aromas and serene natural surroundings. The company name and logo has been carefully considered, as this will become a major element for the branding of the boutiques and supplementary products. We will write a custom essay sample on We Do Feet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on We Do Feet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on We Do Feet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer (This introduction will be on the leaflet.) Idea During the summer holidays I spent four weeks travelling Thailand with my family. There I noticed hundreds of foot reflexology shops full of European, American and Australian tourists. I had many foot massages myself when I was there and thoroughly enjoyed them. I thought to myself, what a great idea and opportunity it could be for me to open a chain of these in the UK, as I have never seen these before. But I knew I would have to act quickly to establish my business and brand first. Naturally the concept would have to be adapted to suit the UK lifestyle but the basic principle would be the same. Market research There are two main methods of market research: * Desk research/secondary research (uses data, or information, which already exists in printed form or computer files) * Primary research/field research (obtains original data or information, which did not exist before, from customers and other people) The primary data gained by field research is significant, because it is not available to any other businesses, unless they do their own research. Though, it is much more expensive than desk research and much more time consuming. When the information has been gathered, it has to be collated, and then analysed before any trends or information become evident. Secondary research is much easier and cheaper than primary research, because the data is already available and does not have to be gathered or analysed. But it is less valuable because it is often out of date and does not always cover the specific theme of study. This is mainly obtained using the Internet. For my coursework I believe it would be best to use a collaboration of the two types of market research available to me. With both types of market research I would almost definitely get the best indications to whether setting up a reflexology boutique would be successful. For my secondary research I used the Internet to find out where my competition was located, to do this I used the Yellow Pages web site (yell.com) to find out the name and addresses of the various treatment spas in postcode W1, as this is where I plan to open my first We Do Feet branch on Oxford Street. I used this information so I could visit my competitors and gather individual information about them. However I did not use secondary research to find out population counts as such, because Oxford Street, in Central London is swarmed with people throughout the year. This fact gives me no doubt that the business will be successful in this area. Competition There are many spa treatments that involve foot massage and reflexology. Even though there are already many, there is huge difference between these and mine. This means they are not direct competition as such but still include similar treatments. Because there is no walk in, float out concepts already, the spas are my closest competitors. My first chosen location of Oxford Street, is surrounded by many fitness and Spa treatment centres. I have done thorough research into the spas and have found many in this area. These include: Hypno 1st 305, Great Portland St Tel: 020 7255 1567 Champneys Piccadilly 21a, Piccadilly Tel: 020 7255 8000 Fitness First 15, Great Marlborough St Tel: 020 7287 8911 The Pilates Studio Ltd 116, Great Portland St Tel: 020 7636 2636 Alan Herdman Studios 17, Homer Row Tel: 020 7723 9953 Relax 65-67, Brewer St Tel: 020 7494 3333 Spa 2 88 ,Holles St Tel: 0207 409 0423 Location is very important for my business because if I was in an area, which already has many treatment centres there will be greater competition. I am going to geographically map these so you can see where your competitors are. I have done this in the appendix. When I visited my competitors I found you had to make an appointment sometimes days in advance. Then pay a high price of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½45-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½60, which is the average for a similar treatment. This is a waste of time and money. The idea of We Do Feet is the opposite. Most people would love the idea of a relaxing foot massage and we are offering exactly that. But instead of booking you just show up on impulse, you dont have to spend an hour or two it only takes 20 minutes and then you (float out) and pay a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10.50 treatment charge and any other purchases to the receptionist. Whilst not having the same concept as my competitors I will still use many of their better ideas. Whilst visiting them I noticed that many of them had aromatherapy burners to give off scents like lavender and lemon grass. This is an idea, which I am using also. They also had very serene surroundings using soothing music; I thought this was also appropriate. Selfridges Location Location of my competitors These are whom I consider as my competitors around Oxford Street. All of these competitors are in their own ways different, with varying prices, treatments and ambiences. I have rated these by using the process of brand mapping. This process can help describe a segment of the market, identify the product strengths and weaknesses, evaluate new concepts and identify your competition. I have prepared one to show this and rate where I will be on the map. Expensive Plain Environment Good Atmosphere Less Expensive KEY TO MAP Hypno 1st Yellow Champneys Piccadilly Orange Fitness First White The Pilates Studio Ltd Violet Alan Herdman Studios Green Relax Black Spa 2 Blue We Do Feet is the pink circle, which is the only company in the Southwest of the graph. This shows that we are different than the competitors. Hopefully the potential customers will recognise this and then take the quick, inexpensive, and most convenient experience, which is us. In order to understand how my foot massage concept could be best adapted for the UK I prepared a questionnaire, which would be primary research. From this I can rephrase and change certain questions to make my questionnaire work usefully and efficiently. My questionnaire will include Qualitative research. Qualitative research involves interviewing people to find out their views and opinions. Quantitative research involves carrying out numerical information. Qualitative research tends to be more time consuming and the answers are usually very individualistic. This is good to find out exactly what the demand could be but it is also bad in the sense it is far too time consuming and time is money. I wrote a questionnaire, which looked like this 1. Which Gender Are You? m f 2. What Is Your Age? 3. What Is Your Occupation? 4. What is your current income bracket per annum? 5. Do You Know What Reflexology Is? y n 6. Have You Ever Experienced A Foot Massage? y n 7. If Available Would You Like One? y n 8. Would You Be Prepared To Pay à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 for 20 mins? y n 9. Who Would You Prefer To Massage Your Feet? m f 10. If Drinks Were Offered During Your Massage Would You Like One? y n 11. Would You Be Interested In purchasing Some Foot Care Products? y n 12. Do You Live In London y n 13. What Magazines Do You Read Market Segment I went to the chosen location of Oxford Street and approached people who were in the market segment in which I am targeting. This is the part of the market in which groups of people with similar characteristics are linked and in this case the busy shoppers and businessmen and women in London. Most of these people in the market segment are of either social grade A, B or C1 that are the grades in which the socio-economic groupings are divided. By looking at the socio-economic groups you can see that most of the customers will be well off and would most likely be prepared to pay the price of ten pounds. Results / Analysis After two long days and 65 sets of results I headed home to analyse my results. I have found that the people that were shopping and walking through Oxford Street were mostly between the ages of 19 and 45. This gave me a very good indication of the particular market segment I am targeting. I already had a good idea of this however this was broader than I expected. I also calculated that 67% of these people were female. Looking at Question 3 I found that nearly more than half of these women were not working but were shopping. However most of the men I interviewed were working in London. Question 4 gave me an idea of the socio-economic group which I was targeting , they were of class A, B and C1. Surprisingly all of them had a good idea of what reflexology was, but sadly 54 percent of them had never experienced it. Question 7 was the most important, it indicated if the concept was to be successful or not. Not to my surprise they all loved the idea and would love to put their feet up for a relaxing break. 92 % of the people I approached were interested in having a foot massage and 8% hated the idea of their feet being touched. Question 8 was also very important because I was going to find out if they would be willing to pay my price, 82% of the people said that they would pay the ten pounds. Question 9 would be crucial for the employment of staff. Everyone bar six people wanted a female masseuse and the other six ticked both because they did not mind. Question 10 was answered by everyone as a yes, because they thought it would be nice to have a hot drink whilst having their treatment. The results of Question 11 showed that very few people were interested in supplementary products, however with more information and good marketing stragergys I believe that these products would sell. Question 12 asked whether the interviewed people were resident in London. I found that this was the case for 60% of the people. This tells me that there are a fair amount of tourists and they would most likely enjoy the luxury. Question 13 was important for the promotion of the company because I need to know which magazines to advertise in if I decide to advertise my service above the line of promotion. The results showed that 32% were the fashion magazines like FHM and GQ. 55% were the celebrity gossip magazines like Hello, OK and Heat. Other magazines mentioned were specilised such as sport, home ; garden and electronic magazines. Graphs To Show The Results In The Questionnaire Question 1: Gender Question 2: Age Because there were a wide variety of ages I can not plot them on the pie chart. Question 3: Occupation Question 4: Income per Annum Question 5: Reflexology (know what it is) Question 6: Ever experienced it? Question 7: Would they like it? Question 8: Price? Question 9: Male workers of female? Question 10: 100% of the people thought it would be nice to have a drink during the massage. Question 11: Supplementary products Question 12: Living in London Question 13: Magazines Marketing Mix The Marketing Mix is the combination of factors, which help the business sell a product Usually summarized as the 4Ps, which are Product, Price, Place and Promotion. Promotion Promotion is the communication between businesses and customers, making the customers aware that the product is for sale, telling or explaining to them what the product is and how the product will service their needs and persuading the customer to buy the product for the first time. I am considering this because if I want to sell my product, the public has to know about it. I am going to promote my business by advertising below the line of promotion. I will begin this by passing out leaflets to my potential customers on Oxford Street to tell them the details of the company and the services we provide. This is a coloured A4 leaflet. It may be found in my appendix. I am also launching a website on the worldwide web. This will be supplied by Millsites. I will be buying a basic website package consisting of homepage with two hyperlinks. I will also arrange a special promotion with Selfridges whereby a spend of over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½500 in the shop will be rewarded with a complimentary We Do Feet treatment. Another promotion that I am planning is a benefit to regular customers. A loyalty card will be given after the first treatment and then stamped after each additional treatment. After five treatments the customer will be entitled to a free treatment. This promotional stragegy is also used by Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Nero see appendix.I will not use media advertising as they are much more costly and as I am a business just starting up, it would be hard to budget this. My promotion strategies are simple, effective and do not exceed my budget. Premises and Location As a new business I felt it would be best to start with one small unit in a department store in London. This would enable me to fine tune my concept at a low start up cost. I chose Selfridges as my ideal location for a lease of space and approached them.with my cancept. I estimate that I will need enough space for 14 lazy-boy chairs, a water feature, a drinks area, a reception area, storage cupboards and 3 waiting room chairs. I have drawn a plan of how much space will be needed with my idea of the shops layout. Future expansion into more department stores would be ideal for further growth. Here there would be a constant stream of tired shoppers happy for an opportunity to re-energize themselves. For my shop design, I am going to use a natural modern look, with different woods and bamboo straws. This will enhance relaxation. The soothing background music will add to the tranquil atmosphere as will the sound of a water feature. The lights will be subtle and scented candles will be lit to encourage a relaxing atmosphere. Price Pricing is one of the 4Ps of the marketing mix. Businesses have to decide what price they will charge for their products, the higher the price is, the lower the demand for the product will be. I have decided to use penetration pricing because if I set an initial low price it will appeal to more customers. In the future I may decide to raise the prices depending on the demand. I have chosen this pricing strategy over all of the others because I want to make my product and price appealing to the customers whilst maintaining the luxurious image of the service when I launch my business. I have decided to charge each customer à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10.50, I have chosen this price because I do not want my customers just giving the reception a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 note or à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 note because they may not have change, and if they have access to it, they may give the masseuse a tip of some sort. If my concept were similar to others. I would have used the technique of Competition based pricing which is when I would charge a price based on my competitors. My hot and cold beverages will be available to you while you are having your massage, in your chair. The menu will consist of the following drinks and prices. Tea à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.20 Coffee à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.00 Cappuchino à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.00 Mint Herbal Tea à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.20 Hot Chocolate à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.00 Evian Water à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.50 Volvic Water à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.50 Perrier Water à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.60 Soft Drinks à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.50 (Coke, Diet Coke, Lemonade, Tango) I have chosen these prices because I want the drinks on the menu to be more expensive because my set price for the foot massage is fairly cheap. This will be to increase the overall amount spent by the customer. Product My product is a service; the key to success in a service is to have good, well-trained staff. We do feet will have fourteen massage chairs in each location and so we will need at least sixteen masseurs. This accounts for any absence of staff . The staff will o do a basic reflexology course, which should last for roughly three weeks. This course takes place in a massage school in Central London. The company will pay for the course and during this three-week period they will not be getting paid. The trainees have to accept that if they do not pass the course they will not have the opportunity to work for We Do Feet. But the trainees can re-take the course again but not at the cost of the company. Other staff needed will include a receptionist. The receptionist will have to have had experience in customer relations and be very friendly and warm. They will also be responsible for serving refreshments. There will be a We Do Feet uniform that all of the workers will have to wear. This consists of white linen trousers and a white linen shirt with the company emblem on the left breas t pocket. Depending on how good the business is, in the future we will introduce a range of supplementary foot products, including creams, lotions, balms, aromatherapy oils, relaxation baths, anti-fungal solutions, exfoliation kits, pain relief gel, night renewal cream and athletes foot remedies etc. These products will all have the company name and logo. Marketing Mix Conclusion All of the four Ps included in the Marketing Mix contribute together to allow me to target my market. Some parts of the Marketing Mix are more important than others, I think that the most important factor is the Unique Selling Point, which is my concept. I also think the promotion is the next important because if no one knows about it, there will never be any customers. The position is extremely important because if the shop is in a bad location, or in a particularly rough area, most people wouldnt go out of their way to get a twenty minute massage. My business especially will need to be on a busy street because most of my customers will be coming from the street on impulse. Price is also something I need to consider because there are many strategies that I can use, I chose penetrating pricing. This is perfect for my service. Conclusions and Evaluation My secondary research showed me that there was no other specialist foot massage boutiques in England. This is good because I will be the only one at the start until people may see my idea and copy my concept. For my primary research I have done questionnaires and have approached my location and asked as many random people as I could, who were willing to give up some time to fill them in. 92% of the people I asked liked the idea and 82% of people were willing to pay the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10.50 for a treatment. I have designed my marketing mix well to suit my business idea, my service is very professional and relaxed and that is what people want. I am promoting the idea using the cheapest methods available, and the just stop site is ideal because it is the busiest shop in England and on the busiest street in London. I think that my business will be successful because looking at the questionnaire people loved the idea. If I was to start this coursework again I would like more time because I would like to do more primary research, and question people throughout the year to see when business would be most busy. This is one thing I regret the most, I did not do as much research as I could have and this was very important to finding out what will bring success into the business. I went to Oxford Street on a Wednesday and a Saturday so that got a weekly variation and to no surprise it was busier on the weekend. I would have liked to do a seasonal variation because it would give a better idea of when business is best, without doing this I can assume that in the summer and for Christmas shopping it would be very busy. I think that the most important thing about success is the USP of the product and the low price of my product. I think that this business idea is going to be easier than others because if I was to open up a new supermarket, I would be immediately be pushed out by the bigger ones already in the market with all of the customers, like Marks and Spencers and Tesco. If I could in the future I would like to open up a chain of these throughout London, Manchester, Bath and all of the other big cities. Naturally this will take years of hard work and effort.

Current LSAT Score Percentiles

Current LSAT Score Percentiles Have even more LSAT score questions? Here are the LSAT Score FAQs - with answers! Â   If youve gotten your LSAT score report back, you may have noticed that under the LSAT Score Data section, theres a percentile ranking based on your score. Many people have no idea what this little number really means! If youre one of them, heres your LSAT score percentile explanation, along with a chart delineating each of the score percentiles based on testers from June 2010 – February 2013. Why Should I Care About My LSAT Score Percentile? Yes, how well youve fared on the LSAT compared to others whove taken the test during your administration isnt the only thing you should be concerned about. In fact, your LSAT score is just one of many things that will be evaluated to make admissions decisions about you. Things like the following attributes listed by LSAC are also considered: Undergraduate GPAUndergraduate course of studyGraduate work, if anyCollege attendedImprovement in grades and grade distributionCollege curricular and extracurricular activitiesEthnic/racial background LSAT Scores By Gender and Ethnicity Individual character and personalityLetters of recommendation/evaluationsWriting skillsPersonal statement or essayWork experience or other postundergraduate experiencesCommunity activitiesMotivation to study and reasons for deciding to study lawState of residencyObstacles that have been overcomePast accomplishments and leadershipAnything else that stands out in an application However, your LSAT score is a means with which to compare you to other students on a very similar scale. Everything else about you is unique! Your LSAT score, within a certain degree of statistical reliability, can be counted on to provide an unbiased look at how you perform on logical, analytical, and reading comprehension questions. Whats a good LSAT score for some of the top schools in the country? LSAT Score Percentiles Explanation When you receive your LSAT score report (they usually come about three weeks after youve tested via email if you have an LSAC.org account and four weeks via snail mail if you dont), then youll see a section called your LSAT Score Data section. In this section, youll see information for every time youve sat for the LSAT in the past five years. Your LSAT scores, your score percentile ranks, the dates youve taken the LSAT, and your LSAT score bands, which are simply the ranges in which you scored, will be reported for every one of your test dates. If youve taken the LSAT more than once, youll see an average LSAT score reported based on every one of your performances, too. Lets say that the percentile rank listed for the test you took in June was an 83%. Your score was a 161. That percentage means that you scored higher than 83% of the test-takers who sat for the June test. Another way of looking at it is that youre in the top 17% of testers for that administration. LSAT Score Percentile Chart for June 2010 – February 2013 Below, youll find the average score percentiles for every tester who took the LSAT between the dates listed above. Its helpful to compare your current LSAT score report to this list to see how you fit into a larger pool of testers. The scaled score is listed to the left and the percentile score is listed to the right. 180: 99.9%179: 99.9%178: 99.9%177: 99.8%176: 99.7%175: 99.5%174: 99.3%173: 99.0%172: 98.6%171: 98.2%170: 97.4%169: 96.6%168: 95.8%167: 94.5%166: 93.2%165: 91.5%164: 89.9%163: 87.7%162: 85.3%161: 83.0%160: 80.3%159: 77.2%158: 73.7%157: 70.8%156: 66.9%155: 63.4%154: 60.2%153: 56.0%152: 51.6%151: 47.8%150: 44.4%149: 40.3%148: 36.8%147: 33.5%146: 30.0%145: 26.7%144: 23.7%143: 20.5%142: 18.1%141: 15.8%140: 13.4%139: 11.6%138: 9.7%137: 8.5%136: 6.9%135: 5.9%134: 4.8%133: 3.9%132: 3.2%131: 2.6%130: 2.1%129: 1.7%128: 1.3%127: 1.1%126: 0.8%125: 0.7%124: 0.5%123: 0.4%122: 0.3%121: 0.3%120: 0.0%

Breastfeeding or Not

About 4 million babies were born in the United States during the year. The average age of American mothers is 25 years old. For the first time, my mother makes many questions and decisions about feeding method and nutrition of children. In the United States and around the world, over 90% of infants are breast-fed, but only 36% breast-feed infants exclusively for the first 6 months (Berger et al., 2011). Parents can choose to give their children a formula or breastfeeding, and parents may ask questions on which way. Women are breastfeeding since ancient times. But this does not mean that women are born in every detail about breastfeeding. Information on breastfeeding is not missing, but it tends to confuse you more than you know. It is normal for new mothers to ask many questions about breastfeeding and breastfeeding. In order to help you with these questions, we will provide you with an indispensable guide for breastfeeding that every mother should have. Please continue reading our q uestions about what you should avoid during your diet and breastfeeding. For all mothers who breastfeed, nutrition is the most important, and it helps milk production. Breastfeeding is highly dependent on your energy level and requires a healthy diet. You do not need to eat special food during breastfeeding, but you can get the necessary nutrients by combining healthy food. You should choose a healthy blend of proteins, carbohydrates and fats to maintain your nutritional needs. Some of the foods you can add to your diet are: Green leaf vegetables: Children may hate it, sometimes adults, but its advantages are undeniable. The strength of iron, green leafy vegetables such as vitamins A and C, broccoli and spinach should be part of each mother's breastfeeding meal. Abundant antioxidant and low calorie, important for you and your baby Breastfeeding or Not About 4 million babies were born in the United States during the year. The average age of American mothers is 25 years old. For the first time, my mother makes many questions and decisions about feeding method and nutrition of children. In the United States and around the world, over 90% of infants are breast-fed, but only 36% breast-feed infants exclusively for the first 6 months (Berger et al., 2011). Parents can choose to give their children a formula or breastfeeding, and parents may ask questions on which way. Women are breastfeeding since ancient times. But this does not mean that women are born in every detail about breastfeeding. Information on breastfeeding is not missing, but it tends to confuse you more than you know. It is normal for new mothers to ask many questions about breastfeeding and breastfeeding. In order to help you with these questions, we will provide you with an indispensable guide for breastfeeding that every mother should have. Please continue reading our q uestions about what you should avoid during your diet and breastfeeding. For all mothers who breastfeed, nutrition is the most important, and it helps milk production. Breastfeeding is highly dependent on your energy level and requires a healthy diet. You do not need to eat special food during breastfeeding, but you can get the necessary nutrients by combining healthy food. You should choose a healthy blend of proteins, carbohydrates and fats to maintain your nutritional needs. Some of the foods you can add to your diet are: Green leaf vegetables: Children may hate it, sometimes adults, but its advantages are undeniable. The strength of iron, green leafy vegetables such as vitamins A and C, broccoli and spinach should be part of each mother's breastfeeding meal. Abundant antioxidant and low calorie, important for you and your baby

Plato Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plato - Essay Example After they are through with their elementary education, they join middle school where teenagers experience pressure that forces them to engage in drugs, alcohol and sex. After children graduate from middle school, they join high school and start taking many responsibilities, which is stressful. After they are through with high school, they tend to think that they will be free (Plato 12). Moreover, modern American community is a resemblance of Plato’s cave based on its varying isolation, jobs, culture, crimes and people’s action. An example of this community is the Ridgecrest town dominated the with white race society. The people blame ethnic minorities for committing crimes make it hard for them to get jobs. The town has strict laws that are similar to the laws that existed in the cave. Therefore, any person disobeying the laws either ends up in jail or faces death. This is similar to the cave where people were put to chains and could not turn their heads. Contemporary homes are similar to Plato’s cave because people have rules restricting them on time to be at home and conduct their chores. Therefore, the home chores are similar to being chained up in the cave because they restrict an individual. Plato draws attention on imprisonment and being put on chains in Allegory of the Den. The feeling of imprisonment exists in schools, communities and homes in the current society. These areas relate to Plato’s cave because people lack

There are only two ways in which humankind can produce knowledge Essay

There are only two ways in which humankind can produce knowledge through passive observation or through active experiment. To what extent do you agree with this statement - Essay Example I will take passive observation to mean knowledge acquired through discovery but in which the knower do not influence the phenomenon they are studying. Active experimentation is whereby the knower participates in creating or producing knowledge. The title presupposes that humankind can only discover or create knowledge. I am going to argue that there are different approaches to produce knowledge in addition to passive observation and active experimentation as evidenced by the various areas of knowledge and ways of knowing. In order to understand whether we discover or create knowledge and whether there are other ways of producing knowledge, first we need to understand what knowledge is. Lagemaat (2015, 23) defines knowledge as â€Å"justified true belief† (Lagemaat, 2015, 23). From this definition, arise three concepts that need explaining: truth, belief and justification. Truth is what distinguishes knowledge from belief. People hold many beliefs depending on their cultures some of which are superstitious hence not everything that people believe is knowledge. For example, the Greeks believed in myths such as odyssey to explain extraordinary events such as earthquakes. Such beliefs even if the Greeks considered them true cannot be true and as such are not knowledge. For it to be considered as knowledge what one claims to know must be true otherwise, it may be true or false. Since we cannot be 100 percent sure that what we know is true, a degree of certainty is acceptable hence something is true beyond reasonable doubt (Stuart, 2000). Belief is to believe what you claim to know as true is true (Stuart, 2000). It is having confidence or strong conviction that what you claim to know is true. For example, if you hold the truth that telling lies is wrong, then you should have the conviction to say that you know that it is true. For Lagemaat, belief and knowledge lay in a continuum ranging from the impossible to certainty hence there is

Three Pane Model Essay Example for Free

Three Pane Model Essay Utility for Business Managers: Firms resort to macroeconomic analysis to make rational judgments about the effects of global events or policy shocks on the economy and thereby on the business environment. But such analysis is often laden with possibilities for logical missteps. The Three- Pane model (open economy IS/LM model) is discussed here as a tool for explaining key relationships in the economy while avoiding the missteps encountered in macroeconomic analysis. What is open economy macroeconomics? Macroeconomic analysis helps firms to explore the interrelationships among a whole host of markets, while microeconomics focuses on variables like price and quantity, cost and revenue in individual markets. Macroeconomic analysis can be closed-economy or open -economy. Closed-economy macroeconomics deals with movements in and relationships among aggregate variables such as National Income, rate of interest, the aggregate price level, rate of inflation etc. Open economy macroeconomics makes the analysis complete by adding analysis of capital flows, international trade and exchange rate. The objective of this note is to introduce the Three-paned or Open-economy IS/LM model. As we will see, this model is an extension of the simple closed-economy IS/LM model. A Little Bit of History: The IS/LM closed economy model was introduced by the British Economist, Sir John Hicks in 1937. The IS/LM model denotes the simultaneous equilibrium of the two key markets in a market economy, product (real) market and the money market. IS represents real/product market equilibrium and LM, money market equilibrium. IS refers to the fundamental relationship between Investment (I) and Saving(S). LM represents the relationship between L, the demand for money, and M, the supply of money. The open economy version of IS/LM is credited to two economists, Robert Mundell Marcus Fleming and hence called the Mundell-Fleming model. The three-paned model we are discussing here is pretty close to the Mundell-Fleming model. This model is best suited for discussing short-to-medium term changes in the economy, i.e., changes over a few years. The Three-Paned Model [Large Open Economy IS/LM Model]. The model as presented in the below diagram has three panes with one graph in each pane. (1) Pane I depicts the IS/LM model [product money market]. Point ‘e’ in the first graph represents the equilibrium rate of interest and the corresponding level of output/income at which, both the product and money markets are in simultaneous equilibrium. (2) Pane II [capital outflow schedule] shows Net Capital Outflow as a function of the rate of interest. Net Capital Outflow (CF) is defined as the difference between Capital Outflows and Capital Inflows. (3) In Pane III, we have the foreign exchange market, where the exchange rate, E is determined by the capital outflow schedule in Pane two and net export schedule ( NX). NX is the difference between Exports and Imports. PANE I PANE II PANE III Diagram showing the Three-Paned Open-Economy IS/LM Model Explaining the working of the Three-paned Model: Now let us see how the three-paned model works. We begin from point ‘e’, the initial equilibrium, in the ISLM model. Point e represents the simultaneous equilibrium of the product and money markets at an equilibrium rate of interest, ’ r’, and ‘ Y ‘ level of income/output. To determine the equilibrium in the capital outflow schedule, the equilibrium rate of interest, r, is brought over from the first pane to determine the equilibrium amount of net capital outflows. When the rate of interest is r, equilibrium CF in the economy is given by CFo. Suppose the RBI hikes the rate of interest from r to r1. If r* remains constant, r-r* increases. This increases relative returns in the domestic economy which creates two kinds of impacts. One, the capital outflow decreases, and two, the capital inflow increases. Therefore, the net capital outflow decreases, which is shown by the fall in CF from CFo to CF1. Likewise, if there is a fall in the interest rate from ro to r2, capital outflow increases, and capital inflow decreases, leading to an increase in net capital outflow as indicated by an increase in CF to CF2. The Capital Outflow (CF) curve is therefore, downward sloping. This means that, higher domestic rates of interest are associated with lower net capital outflows, and lower domestic rates of interest are associated with higher net capital outflows. As mentioned earlier, the three-paned model plots the net export schedule (NX) with respect to the exchange rate, E. E is defined as the foreign currency per unit of domestic currency. If we drop the equilibrium amount of capital flows CFo from pane II to the third pane we get the equilibrium amount of net exports, NXo, which is determined by the intersection of the perpendicular dropped from the CF schedule with the NX schedule. This also gives the equilibrium nominal exchange rate, Eo. [Here, we are assuming price levels at home and abroad as constant, therefore, nominal and real exchange rates can be considered to be proportional. i.e., they won’t be different]. How do we explain the model in simple economic terms? In a closed economy, the rate of interest decided by the RBI defines the simultaneous equilibrium in the product/goods market and the money market, as shown by the intersection of the IS LM curves (Pane I). Suppose that we open up the economy and also assume that we are considering a large economy [as in the case of India]. Pane II III shows how a domestic interest rate change (assuming foreign rate of interest rate to be fixed) impacts capital flows and thereby the exports and imports and the exchange rate in the economy. A hike in the interest rate by the RBI would attract capital from outside-increase in inflows- and would decrease capital outflows. This would lead to a fall in the net capital outflow. A fall in the interest rate would have the opposite effect, leading to a decrease in inflows and an increase in outflows, thereby increasing net capital outflows. When capital inflows increase due to a hike in the domestic interest rate, let us assume that most of the inflows are in the form FDI. That is, there would be an increase in demand for rupee denominated assets thereby increasing the demand for the rupee in the foreign exchange market, vis-à  -vis the foreign currency, say, dollar. This would appreciate the exchange rate (E to E1) vis-a –vis the dollar (exchange rate E was defined as foreign currency per unit of domestic currency).The appreciation of the exchange rate makes exports costlier and imports cheaper. Therefore, exports fall and imports rise, resulting in a fall in Net Exports as shown in pane III, from NXo to NX1. Similarly, a fall in rate of interest would depreciate the exchange rate, leading to a fall in imports and rise in exports, resulting in an increase in net exports. Thus the three-paned model or the open-economy IS/LM model gives the business decision maker a framework to understand and analyze changes in and interrelationships between rate of interest, capital flows, exchange rate and net exports in a large open economy. â€Å"We can address important questions about how the macroeconomy, capital flows, international trade, and the exchange rate will respond to a wide variety of events and shocks. (1) How will these key variables respond to an increased money supply or an increase in taxes? (2) How does a sudden drop in consumer’s willingness to make purchases or a technological shock that makes investing more appealing affect interest rates, unemployment and the exchange rate? (3) What will be the resulting effects on the direction of the economy and the key variables?† [ 2 ]. Economic Models: An economic model may be defined as a logical framework that is based on explicit assumptions about how key economic variables interact. The links between these variables are based on assumptions rooted in economic theory and are also explicitly defined by the relationships that govern the model. The key to understanding any economic model is to understand the logical structure and its underlying assumptions. The set of assumptions in the model enables the analysis of the impact of changes in one or more variables on the rest of the economy (-while not violating the original behavioral assumptions). [ 3 ]. John Hicks, â€Å"Mr. Keynes and the Classics: A Suggested Interpretation†, Econometrica, 1937. He was awarded the Economics Nobel Prize in 1972. [ 4 ]. For a detailed discussion of the IS/LM model, see Dornbusch,Fischer, Startz-Macroeconomics, Chapter 10, pp219-240,10thedition. [ 5 ]. Net capital outflows as defined earlier, are equal to capital outflows minus capital inflows. Here the assumption is that capital flows are a function the difference between relative interest rates. The domestic interest rate is given as r and the foreign rate of interest rate is taken as r*. Since it is not shown in the graph, r* is assumed to be constant. Therefore, capital flows effectively are determined by the changes in the domestic rate on interest rate. i.e., Net capital outflow, CF = f (r – r* ). [ 6 ]. Quoted from Darden Business Publishing- A Technical Note on The Open –Economy IS/LM Model, 2008.

gifted education and funding Essay -- essays research papers

How Lack Of Funding Effects Gifted Students In Ohio   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This year is a landmark year for Gifted Education in Ohio; for the last few years the number of gifted children in Ohio has been growing steadily. This year for the first time the percentage of children in Ohio that were identified as Gifted and Talented finally equaled the percentage of children who were served in Special Education Classrooms. There is only one small problem with this statement. The percentage is equal only if you count the students who are identified as being Talented and Gifted, not served. There are currently only 11% of all Talented and Gifted students being served in the State of Ohio.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Ohio Department of Education and the Federal Government gave a combined total $773 million for Special Education Programs around the state of Ohio this year. This amount includes professional development, classroom supplies, technology acquisition, testing supplies, and teacher salary. Gifted Education received $48 million from Ohio and no funding from the federal government this year. This $48 million can only spent on teacher’s salaries. This $48 million cannot be used to pay for any benefits the teacher will get by working in a school district, benefits like health insurance, and retirement. These expenses are expected to be paid by the school districts out of their funds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1984, Ohio required that early identification ...

Due Process vs Crime Control Essay

Abstract Although crime control and due process have some similarities, there are more contrasts between the two. Crime control emphasizes crime prevention, whereas due process emphasizes the protection of citizen’s rights from mistakes made by criminal justice agencies. The ethical dimensions of key issues confronting the criminal justice system and private security concerning to due process and crime control are citizen’s rights, proper legal representation, as well as physical force, when to use deadly force, and deceptions. The private security industry also faces key ethical issues regarding the lack of training, in addition to violations of rules and regulations. Due Process or Crime Control The ethical extent of key issues confronting the criminal justice system and private security regarding due process and crime control are many, such as not knowing what the right course of action is, difficulty doing what is considered right, or simply finding the wrong choice to be very tempting. Due process is a citizens’ right to proper legal representation, procedures, and justice of individuals, which decreases the power of government. The main goal of due process is to protect individuals from mistakes made by law enforcement agents and prosecutors. In contrast, crime control increases the power of the government in order to protect society, which diminishes an individual citizen’s rights (USLegal, Inc., 2001-2008). The main goal of crime control is crime suppression, which includes key issues of physical force, when to use deadly force, undercover work, deceptions, as well as many others in the criminal justice system. In the private security field, the key issues include the lack of training and violations of rules and regulations of the industry (Gould, 2008). Due Process According to Packer’s due process model, which consists of the following points of view, emphasizes the contrasts with the crime control model (Cliffnotes.com). 1. The most important function of criminal justice should be to provide due process or fundamental fairness under the law. 2. Criminal justice should concentrate on defendants’ rights, not victims’ rights, because the Bill of Rights expressly provides for the protection of defendants’ rights. 3. Police powers should be limited to prevent official oppression of the individual. 4. Constitutional rights are not mere technicalities; criminal justice authorities should be held accountable to rules, procedures, and guidelines to ensure fairness and consistency in the justice process. 5. The criminal justice process should look like an obstacle course, consisting of a series of impediments that take the form of procedural safeguards that serve as much to protect the factually innocent as to convict the fa ctually guilty. 6. The government should not hold a person guilty solely on the basis of the facts; a person should be found guilty only if the government follows legal procedures in its fact-finding. Crime Control The following contentions are the key concerns of the crime control, which points out the differences of due process. (Cliffnotes.com). 1. The repression of crime should be the most important function of criminal justice because order is a necessary condition for a free society. 2. Criminal justice should concentrate on vindicating victims’ rights rather than on protecting defendants’ rights. 3. Police powers should be expanded to make it easier to investigate, arrest, search, seize, and convict. 4. Legal technicalities that handcuff the police should be eliminated. 5. The criminal justice process should operate like an assembly-line conveyor belt, moving cases swiftly along toward their disposition. 6. If the police make an arrest and a prosecutor files criminal charges, the accused should be presumed guilty because the fact-finding of police and prosecutors is highly reliable. 7. The main objective of the criminal justice process should be to discover the truth or to establish the factual guilt of the accused. Similarities between Due Process and Crime Control Although the differences are many and well emphasized, there are a few similarities between due process and crime control. Both uphold laws and regulations that have been established throughout the many years of this country. The similarities are: 1.Accept constitutional values 2.Hold to ex post facto prohibition 3.Duty to enforce laws where violations have occurred Conclusion Due process and crime control propose to serve similar objectives, which are to reduce crime and protect the citizens of the United States. The ethical key issues that plague the due process and crime control models vary among the two, in how to deal with the many issues and the best way to deal with the issues are conflicting. The differences between the two on how to reach these objectives are many, yet the few similarities assist in keeping both processes abide by the laws established by the government of the United States. References USLegal, Inc. (2001-2008). US Legal Definitions. Retrieved on January 5, 2010 from http://definitions.uslegal.com/c/crime-control-model/ Gould, M. (2008). Business, Ethics & Society, (p. 1). Great Neck Publishing. Retrieved January 4, 2010, from Research Starters – Business database. CliffsNotes.com. (n.d.). Which Model? Crime Control or Due Process. Retrieved on January 4, 2010, from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/topicArticleId-10065,articleId-9911.html

Health Care Teams

1) Health Assisting -Health Care Team Health Care Team A health care team is all of the people who provide care and services to patients. Every employee at a health care facility is a member of a health care team. Some members of the team, such as nurses and therapists, work directly with patients. Other members, like billing officers and maintenance staff, have very little contact with patients. The health care team also includes a patient's family and caregivers. Each member of a health care team has an important role.All members of the team must work as a cohesive unit to provide the best possible health care to patients. Health Services Pathways There are many careers in health care. Each career is categorized into one of the following pathways, or areas: †¢Diagnostic Services – Careers in diagnostic services involve evaluating the health status of patients at a single point in time. Careers in diagnostic services include phlebotomists, electrocardiograph technicians, and medical laboratory technologists. †¢Therapeutic Services – Careers in therapeutic services involve improving the health status of patients over time.Careers in therapeutic services include medical assistants, nursing, and physicians. †¢Information Services – Careers in information services involve documenting patient care. Careers in information services include medical transcriptionists, medical records technicians, and medical librarians. †¢Support Services – Careers in support services involve creating an environment in which to provide patient care. Careers in support services include central supply workers, food services, and housekeeping. Team Member Roles The roles of health care workers within a single pathway vary widely.For instance, in therapeutic services, a registered nurse has more advanced education and different responsibilities than a nursing assistant. Below is a list of specific careers that have multiple levels of job titl es and job duties. †¢Medical †¢Nursing †¢Diagnostic †¢Therapeutic †¢Dietary †¢Health Information †¢Emergency Medical Services †¢Mental and Social Services †¢Mortuary Medical Team Members Medical careers focus on diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases and disorders. There are various members of health care teams who may perform medical services for patients. †¢Physicians diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases and disorders. Physician assistants and nurse practitioners do many of the tasks that physicians do, including prescribing medications. They refer patients with more complicated cases to physicians. Physician assistants work under physicians. However, nurse practitioners do not need to work under physicians, so they may be patients' primary health care providers. †¢Medical assistants work under physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners. They perform clinical tasks. Nursing Team Members Nursing careers u sually make up the largest group of employees at a health care facility.These employees provide personal care to patients. The care includes all areas of a patient's well-being, including the physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual health. †¢Registered nurses (RNs) work under physicians. They are responsible for all of the care a patient receives and perform a variety of technical procedures. †¢Licensed practical nurses (LPNs) and licensed vocational nurses (LVNs) work under RNs or physicians. They perform nursing procedures that require specialized training, but state and facility regulations may limit the types of procedures that LPNs and LVNs can do. Nurse assistants work under LPNs/LVNs or RNs. They provide daily care to patients, such as bathing, feeding, and assisting with ambulation. Diagnostic Team Members Diagnostic careers involve evaluating the health status of patients at a single point in time. There are a variety of diagnostic careers, including: à ¢â‚¬ ¢Medical laboratory technologists (MTs), who work under physicians called pathologists. They perform complex tests on specimens from a patient. †¢Medical laboratory technicians (MLTs), who work under medical laboratory technologists or pathologists.They perform routine tests that do not require advanced training. †¢Medical laboratory assistants, who work under medical laboratory technicians, technologists, or pathologists. They perform basic tests, prepare specimens for testing, and maintain equipment. †¢Phlebotomists collect blood from patients and prepare it for testing. †¢Electrocardiograph technicians operate electrocardiogram (ECG) machines that record electrical impulses from the heart. †¢Radiologic technologists work under physicians called radiologists. They take X-rays, operate ultrasound equipment and magnetic resonance imaging devices.Therapeutic Team Members Therapeutic careers involve improving the health status of patients over time. †¢Audiologists diagnose and treat patients with hearing and balance problems. †¢Speech-language pathologists diagnose and treat patients with speech, language, and swallowing problems. †¢Physical therapists improve the mobility of patients following injuries and illnesses. Physical therapy assistants work under physical therapists. They help carry out treatments. †¢Occupational therapists help patients with physical, mental, and emotional problems to correct or adjust to their problems.They use activities to assist patients in daily living and job skills. Occupational therapy assistants work under occupational therapists. They help carry out treatments. †¢Recreational therapists develop leisure activities for patients in health care facilities. Recreational therapy assistants work under recreational therapists. They help with and may arrange activities. Therapeutic Team Members (continued) †¢Respiratory therapists work under physicians. They treat patients w ith breathing problems and test respiratory function. Respiratory therapy technicians work under respiratory therapists.They perform basic treatments and tests. †¢Pharmacists dispense prescribed medications, check for interactions with other medications being taken, and provide patient education. Pharmacy technicians work under pharmacists. They help prepare medications, maintain records, and order supplies. Dietary Team Members Dietary careers involve encouraging the proper nutrition of patients. †¢Registered dieticians (RDs) assess patients' nutritional needs. They plan menus and teach patients about good nutrition and therapeutic diets. †¢Dietetic technicians (DTs) work under registered dieticians.They help plan menus and educate patients. †¢Dietetic assistants work under dietitians. They help prepare food, assist patients in selecting foods, and keep the service area clean. Health Information Team Members Health information careers involve admitting patients, maintaining medical records, and handling billing. Workers in these careers must be able to use computers and a variety of software. †¢Medical record administrators (RAs) manage and organize the medical record system of the facility. They also compile reports for local, state, and federal agencies. Medical records technicians work under administrators. They organize and gather patient information. †¢Medical assistants often specialize in health information and work under physicians and administrative managers to perform clerical and accounting duties. †¢Medical transcriptionists type an electronic copy of information that has been dictated on an audiotape. Emergency Medical Service Team Members Emergency medical service (EMS) provides expert care for patients in a critical medical situation. The service is typically available by dialing 911.Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) provide immediate care to victims of critical injuries and illnesses and transport victims to hospitals. There are several levels of EMTs, which are based on the amount of training and the type of certification. Social and Mental Health Team Members The goal of social and mental health team members is to help patients with mental, emotional, or developmental problems function at their full potential. †¢Social workers help patients who are having problems coping with a life situation. They counsel patients and refer patients to support services. Psychiatrists are physicians who specialize in diagnosing and treating mental illnesses. †¢Psychologists help patients deal with life situations. They have a background in psychology and usually specialize in a specific area, such as child psychology. †¢Psychiatric technicians work under psychiatrists or psychologists. They help patients carry out treatments and provide emotional support. Support Services Team Members Support services include careers that involve creating an ideal environment in which to provide pati ent care. †¢Health care administrators are responsible for managing health care facilities.They supervise department heads, set guidelines, and develop the financial plan of the facility. †¢Housekeeping performs basic sanitation duties. They may also be responsible for bed-making. †¢Central supply workers are responsible for ordering and maintaining facility supplies. They sterilize medical instruments and make sure that equipment in the facility is operating correctly. Mortuary Team Members Mortuary careers involve the preparation and presentation of a deceased patient. †¢Funeral directors discuss the family's wishes for the body, ceremony, and burial or cremation. They also file legal papers related to the death. Embalmers are responsible for preparing the body for burial. Additionally, they must maintain lists of clothing and valuables. †¢ Mortuary assistants work under the funeral director or embalmer. They assist with preparing the body, arranging cerem onies, and filing records. * Includes careers that involves improving the health status of patients over time. Therapeutic Service * Include careers that involve creating an environment in which to provide patient care. Support Service * Include careers that focus on diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases and disorders.Medical Service * Provide expert care for serious emergencies and are typically available by dialing 911. Emergency Medical Service * Include careers in which health care workers perform nursing procedures and provide personal care to patients. Nursing Service * Include careers that involve documenting patient care. Health Information Service * Include careers that involve evaluating the health status of patients at a single point in time. Diagnostic Service Interdependence of Team Members All members of the health care team are dependent on each other.This means that if one worker does not fulfill the required duties, the entire team is hindered. Patients do n ot receive the quality care that they deserve when the team does not function properly. This connection among all areas and levels of workers is called interdependence. Imagine what might happen if a medical assistant at a medical office stopped answering the telephone. Patients would not be able to make appointments, and the team would not be able to perform its duties. Or imagine what could happen if the housekeeping department stopped cleaning. Many patients would feel uncomfortable receiving treatment in a dirty facility.In addition, patients and health care workers would be at risk of getting infections. Lines of Authority Each health care worker is an important member of the health care team. Within the health care team, though, there are lines of authority. Lines of authority determine workers' positions within the team's structure. Members of the health care team must understand their positions. Lines of authority also establish levels of supervision. Members of the health c are team must report to their immediate supervisor. This includes when getting information on job tasks and when there are problems.Question # 1 Every health care worker is a member of a health care ____. Correct Answer(s): team, teams Question # 2 What do medical careers focus on? Diagnosing diseases and disorders Treating diseases and disorders Preventing diseases and disorders -All of the above Question # 3 What type(s) of responsibilities do health care workers in nursing services have? Performing nursing procedures Providing personal care to patients -All of the above Question # 4 Nurse assistants are able to do all of the procedures that registered nurses (RNs) can do. True -False Question # 5Diagnostic services include careers that involve evaluating the health status of patients at a single point in time. -True False Question # 6 Who is a member of a health care team who provides therapeutic services to patients? Nurse assistant Medical laboratory assistant -Physical therapy assistant Physician assistant All of the above Question # 7 What type of services include careers that involve documenting patient care? Nursing Therapeutic Diagnostic Medical -Information Question # 8 Medical assistants in information services may perform reception, clerical, and accounting tasks. – True False Question # 9What responsibilities do emergency medical technicians have? Provide immediate care to victims of critical injuries and illnesses Transport victims to hospitals -All of the above Question # 10 What is the connection among all areas and levels of health care workers called? -Interdependence Independence Dependence Question # 11 What is one purpose of the line of authority? -To define health care workers' positions within the team To verify salary rates To determine the importance of a health care worker Question # 12 Members of a team should report to the highest level of authority when there is a problem. True -False

Essay on asylum seekers

Essay on asylum seekers Essay on asylum seekers In today’s society we are safe; we can go outside and not have any worries about our safety. In Australia we have the freedom of speech; we have the right to elect our Prime Ministers. And we are very fortunate that we live in Australia and yet we all seem to take it for granted, is that because we are naive or just stupid? We Australians are a multicultural, we have different types of races in different suburbs in different cities, and yet we act like we all share the same views and values. Let me tell you a story. A family from Afghanistan ran a secret school for Children both male and female, which is illegal in Afghanistan for females to have the right of an education. They we found out and the parents of this family were sentenced to execution, they ran, tried to buy passage with what little money they had, and not all of them made it, their daughters being taken raped and murdered. There whole family were seeking asylum, and yet they had to go through all that hard ache, we a Great nation need to step up our effects in helping those that need it most, Asylum Seekers. Asylum Seekers have such a bad name in today’s society, strange that. In the early 18 hundreds didn’t English people travel vast oceans on boats to seek refuge in Australia? Hmmm. Strange that 200 years later people from across the globe, are doing the same thing BUT we are locking them up in refugee camps. Isn’t there something wrong about that? The Aboriginals, natives of Australian never locked up the English Settlers or even the convicts, they might have had their ups and downs but they never imprisoned over 2000 people. The term "human rights" refers to the basic freedoms and protections that all people are entitled to, simply for being human. Today, Australia faces the challenge of Asylum seekers, many of whom which have currently been denied their basic human rights. The government’s policy of creating Immigration Detention Facilities as a way of detaining unauthorised asylum seekers may be a solution the problem of controlling Australia’s borders, however, violates the human rights of this group in Australia.. Many people seek refuge in Australia to escape the terrors of their past lives back home. Due to Australia’s strict visa policy, many asylum seekers arrive in Australia by boat because they are denied other means of entry, such as the closing down of other possibilities for legal travel. This has led to an increase in the number of asylum-seeker boats coming to Australia over the past year, with the number of people held in immigration detention reaching record highs. The policy was put in place to act as a deterrent to future undocumented arrivals, which clearly has not been working as in the past year, the number of people held in detention centres increased to 12 967. Immigration detention centres differ little from prisons, with conditions such as no psychiatrists, community and support groups allowed no access, lack of interpreters and extreme isolation. This can lead to long term effects on already traumatised people, not to mention the substantial economic costs involved. In Australia, public debate about asylum seekers and refugees right has been distorted by myths and misconceptions. Current government policy is shaped by around border

China in Its Role as a Donor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

China in Its Role as a Donor - Essay Example However, in the recent two-three years, emerging economies like China, India, Brazil, Kuwait, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and Korea have started paying significant roles as international donors. These emerging countries have started changing the scenario of world development assistance by encouraging a shift in the sources of global aid and donations from the DAC countries to the non DAC countries. In the last decade, the roe of China as a global donor has been highly visible, especially because of the increasing magnitude of its contributions and the differentiated manner in which the country donates for the foreign aid purposes. This report is prepared with the aim of discussing the role of China as a donor in the global development assistance domain and also to appraise the ways in which China has brought in new dimensions in the global aid and development programs in this century. In the present era, the donations for global development governance are characterized by equal impacts and contributions from both the DAC and non DAC donors (Zimmermann and Smith, 2011). The new geographical areas like Middle East and Asia pacific have started developing as significant donors in this domain. The donors operating for the development of the global governance can be categorized in two main sections. The first section is the traditional section of donors which include the members of the OECD countries which are commonly called the DAC countries and operate under the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) which has been established within the OEC exclusively for the purpose of assistance. The other section of donors encompasses the emerging donor economies in the Asia Pacific and Middle Eastern regions of the world (Woods, 2008).

Psychology of Language - The Differences between Boys and Girls in Essay

Psychology of Language - The Differences between Boys and Girls in Language Development - Essay Example Their natural born, biological attributes may more important to their acquisition of language than the way they are nurtured. Chomsky believes that children have an innate ability to learn language and that this ability only needs to be triggered by verbal input from their environment. (Chomsky, 1972) Two other prevalent theories on language development in children are Piaget’s idea of cognitive constructivism and Vygotsky’s concept of social constructivism and language. Piaget suggests that language is simply one of the ways children represent the world with which they are familiar. It reflects but does not contribute to the development of thinking. Piaget believed that cognitive development precedes the development of language. (1955) Vygotsky believed that language impacts such that language is a form of social communication that gradually promotes both language itself and cognition. (1978, 1985) In general, these theories recognize that children are co-constructors in their world and that their development of language is a part of their holistic development that emerges from their cognitive, social and emotional interactions. We are now well aware that male and female brains are different. Anatomical and chemical differences begin early in development due to genetic and hormonal events and continue throughout life, but understanding these differences is difficult. We recognize the importance of considering sex differences when designing and interpreting studies, but our understanding of the differences is so unclear that interpreting the results is full of pitfalls. (Becker, J. B. et al. 2005) This is equally as true in studies of gender differences in language acquisition as elsewhere. Although much of the work on gender differences in language acquisition is speculative, some information is known. We realize that there are differences between