Adverse Effect Of Alcohol Consumption - 1321 Words

The Adverse Effect of Alcohol Consumption In Whiting S. Albert’s article â€Å"Alcohol Use Is Harmful† he stated that alcohol is a chemical that contains hydrogen and carbon. Whiting stated further that the active ingredient of alcohol is ethyl alcohol, which is also known as ethanol. Alcohol is one of the few things that human being consume that do not need digestion. Alcohol appears the bloodstream immediately, thus, its intoxicating effects are felt instantly (1). â€Å"High levels of mortality, morbidity, and social malaise are associated with abuse of alcohol, and increasing numbers of women and youth are abusing alcohol† (Ferreira and Darryn 1). â€Å"Alcohol slows down the function of all living cells, especially those in the brain† (Whiting 1), which causes thinking to be impaired. Alcohol is probably the most used drug worldwide. â€Å"Three in ten adults 18 years of age and over have had alcoholism and/or engaged in alcohol abuse at some point in their lives †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Impa ct of Alcoholism† 1). According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, â€Å"Excessive drinking includes binge drinking, heavy drinking, and any drinking by pregnant women or people younger than age 21. Binge drinking, the most common form of excessive drinking, is defined as consuming: for women, 4 or more drinks during a single occasion, and for men, 5 or more drinks during a single occasion. Heavy drinking, however, is defined as consuming: for women, 8 or more drinks per week, and for men, 15 or more drinks perShow MoreRelatedThe Consumption Of Energy Drinks Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pagesenergy drinks are based on individual ingredients, with caffeine being identified as the ingredient with the greatest potential for intakes of possible health concern. 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Study of Leadership in Professional Practice Health and Social care Free Essays

Introduction This essay will discuss leadership, the various definitions and theoretical concepts in context to leadership. The different qualities and characteristics of an exemplary leader and identify leadership styles in congruence to health care and self. It will also discuss the importance of reflective learning and various models which aid in reflection are also discussed and using a reflective approach identify strengths and weakness of own leadership and learning styles, and develop a personal development plan to review the strengths and strategize an action plan to overcome the weaknesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Study of Leadership in Professional Practice Health and Social care or any similar topic only for you Order Now Leaders are ordinary people who do extraordinary things as asserted by Kouzes and Posner (1995).Leadership definitions are more often confusing and ambiguous because of the use of indefinite terms to describe phenomena such as authority, power, management, administration, and supervision Yulk (1989). Leadership is defined under multiple dimensions. Weihrich and Koontz (2005) defines leadership as influence, they compare it to an art or process of influencing people so that they strive readily and enthusiastically towards the attainment of group goals. Another definition on leadership views it as the use of interpersonal skills in achieving specific goals Sullivan and Garland (2010). Yet another leadership definition asserted by Bitpipe’s (2006) is that leadership is a management skill that focuses on the development and employment of vision, mission and strategy as well as the creation of a motivated workforce. Hughes et al (2006) suggest that the wide range of definitions can contribute to a better and greater understanding of the various factors that influence leadership, as well as present different perspectives on the concept. Leadership is a term hard to contain within a certain number of theories. However various theorists describe the various paradigms of leadership. Leadership theories are dynamic and change over time. The earliest theories on leadership were during the 1900-1940 which were the basis of most leadership research. The two theories widely discussed were the Great Man theory and Trait theories. The Great Man theory from is developed from the Aristotelian philosophy which asserts that certain people are born to lead whereas others are born to be led. The theory further suggests that great leaders arise when situations demand it. Trait theory asserts that some people have certain characteristics or a personality trait that makes them better leaders than others. Gofee and Jones (2000) cited in their work that early theories of leadership focused on personality traits of leaders, as though leadership was a characteristic that resided in some people not others. The various traits associated with the theory are intelligence, knowledge, judgment, decisiveness, oral fluency, interpersonal relationship and creativity to mention a few. Behavioral theories were developed during the human relation era between1940-1980. The theory strongly emphasized on the leaders’ style of leadership. Lewin and White (1951) and Lippit (1960) isolated three main leadership styles associated with the theory namely authoritarian, democratic and Laissez- Faire. The authoritarian style of leadership is in which the group are motivated by coercion, strong control is exercised at all times by the leader over the group. The flow of communication is always downwards. The decision making is vested in the leader and criticism is always punitive. Authoritarian leadership is helpful in well defined group actions. This style provides group members a feeling of security. The productivity of the group is high; however creativity and autonomy are compromised. It is most useful in crisis situations. In the democratic style the leader less control is maintained on the group, members are directed through suggestions and guidance, communication i s didactic, decision making is shared. Emphasis on â€Å"we feeling† and equality, criticism is constructive. Democratic style of leadership is appropriate for groups who work together for extended periods, promotes autonomy and growth in individual work. The style is effective when cooperation and coordination between groups are required. The Laissez-Faire style of leadership is one where the leader is very permissive and has less or no control over the group. The leader motivates by support and only upon request from the members. No criticism is performed. It can be used when all group members highly motivated and self directed. This type of leadership style is used to bring about creativity. It is most appropriate in poorly defined problems and to create solutions with great extent of brainstorming. Situational and contingency leadership theories concepts emerged during the 1950-1980 period. The theory of contingency approach outlined by Fidler (1967) suggested that no one leadership style is ideal for every situation. He argued that task to be accomplished and the power associated with the leaders’ position are key variables. Benis and Nanus (1985) further strengthen the theory by stating leaders cannot lead without power, and also referring power as the currency of leadership. Situational approach to leadership was developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1977). Their model of leadership effectiveness predicts leadership style is appropriate in each situation based on the level of the followers’ maturity. The next theory to evolve in the argument of theorists which added complexity to leadership was the interactional theory. The basic concepts of these theories were that the leadership behavior is usually determined by the relationship between leaders’ personality and specific situation. Brandt’s (1994) interactive leadership model suggests that leaders develop a work environment that fosters autonomy and creativity through valuing and empowering followers. Brandt states that this type of leadership gives the leader greater freedom while simultaneously increasing the leader’s responsibility. However as an advantage there is lesser need in resolving conflicts between followers. The modern theories of leadership led way to the development of transactional and transformational leadership. Burn’s (2003) came out with a novel addition to the interactional theory suggesting that both leaders and followers have the ability to raise each other to higher levels of motivation and morality. This concept was identified as transformational leadership. Mc Guire and Kennerly (2006) identifies transactional leaders as leaders who sets goals, gives directions and uses rewards to reinforce employee behaviors related with accomplishing established goals. Longnecker (2006) states that the transformational leader inspires and motivates followers not only as a role model but also by recognizing the uniqueness of the follower and being creative. Martins and Henderson (2001) argues that by developing shared values and sense of purpose, transformational leaders can alter how staff sees themselves and their organization. Servant leadership developed by Greenleaf (1977) greatly influenced leadership thinking of the 21st century. The leader puts service of his/her employers, customers and community as the number one priority. Greenleaf argued that to be a great leader, one must be a servant first. Howatson and Jones (2004) assert that leadership is about ‘leaders serving the needs of followers and empowering them rather than the organization’. Other modern theories of leadership styles include principle agent theory, emotional intelligence, authentic leadership, thought leadership and quantum leadership. Shirley (2006) outlines the five distinguishing characteristics as purpose, values, heart, relationship and self discipline. The Kouzes and Posner (1995) model on the characteristics of exemplary leadership stated that leaders should have five main qualities. ‘Inspiring a shared vision’,’ modeling the way’, ‘challenging the process’, ‘encouraging the heart’ and enabling others to act. In a study of the role of leadership in modernizing and improving public services, Hartley and Allison (2002) describe three different aspects of leadership which they describe as the ‘three Ps’: ‘the person’, ‘the position’ and ‘the process’. Leadership roles adapted from Kotter (1990) and Northouse (1997) asserts that leadership produces change and movement, vision building and strategizing, aligning people and communicating and motivating and inspiring. The study conducted by the Hay group in 2007 to ascertain whether leadership styles of various ward managers can affect levels of staff satisfaction and in turn patient care using a 3600 leadership and work climate assessment identified six different leadership styles namely ‘directive’ , ‘visionary’ , ‘affiliative’ , ‘participative’ , ‘pace-setting’ and coaching. Reflection gives us a thorough record and it is a well established tool for learning as asserted by Benner (2001). The theories of reflection are approached through various aspects included the works of four writers namely John Dewey, Jurgen Habermas, Donald Schon and David Kolb. Dewey (1933, p.9) defines reflection as an ‘active, persistent and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusion to which it ends.’ Another definition consistent with the definition of Dewey †Reflection in context of learning is a generic term for those intellectual and affective activities in which individuals engage to explore their experiences in order to lead to new understandings and appreciation.†Boud et al (1985, p.9). Dewey has two aspects of reflective thinking, the state of doubt and an act of searching. The Boud et al process suggests that the reflective process is initiated when the individual returns to the experience, recollecting what has taken place and replaying the experience. Finally revaluation takes place. There are different categories of models of reflection which are structured, hierarchical, iterative, synthetic and holistic. Structured models include two works on reflection by Johns (1993, 1994a, 1994b) describes reflection as a simple task to do without expert guidance and good support. The reflective model put forth by John’s is in context to health services and is termed as guided framework of reflection. Smyth (1991) developed another structured model. He stages the model into four stages. The first stage involves describing the moment; second stage encompasses informing what the moment describes itself as. The next stage is to confront the moment and knowing how the moment was like. The final stage called the construct describes how the person would do things differently. Of the best known hierarchical models; Mezirow (1983) developed a model where reflection is described in seven levels. ‘Reflectivity’ which forms the base of the level is described as the act of becoming aware of a specific incident or inferring meaning acting. The second level is ‘affective’ it is described as the way one feels about the way one perceives, thinks or acts. Thereafter in the third level called the ‘descriminant’ the person asses the efficacy of his/her perception and try to realize the reality of the context in which he/she works that is identify the relationship to a situation. The fourth stage or level is ‘judgmental‘ , making and becoming aware of your value about perception , as whether they are positive or negative. The sixth level is called the ‘psychic’ level where one recognizes about one’s self about the habit of making precipitant judgment about the people based on limited information. Th e ‘theoretical’ level forms the top of the model which is becoming aware of the underlying assumptions. Iterative models are the models that are based upon the idea that the reflective process is described as a cycle and that in depth awareness and increase of knowledge and skillfulness arise from repeated ‘clockwise’ movements. Gibbs reflective cycle (1988) is a six point cycle which starts from description of an event asking a question like what happened, secondly describing the feeling at point of event, thereafter evaluating about the experience whether it was good or bad. Then making an analysis of the situation and making sense out of it. The fifth point of the cycle is about concluding the incident in terms of what could have been done. Finally drawing out an action plan what would you do if the experience arises again. Atkins and Murphy (1994) developed a cyclical model by drawing in consideration and works of others. They state that it is possible to begin the reflective process by reflecting on achievements. The first point of the cycle begins with the awareness of uncomfortable feeling or thought, then describe the situation where the feeling and thoughts occurs, thereafter analyze feelings and challenge the knowledge and in the next point in the cycle which is the ‘action’ where a new experience is generated. The strengths of these two models are that it encompasses knowledge, feelings and action in one learning cycle. Another variant in the iterative model is the Bouden et al (1985). The second variant is that of Ghaye et al (1996b) which is based on action research literature put forth by Donald Schon. I undertook the assessment of my own leadership skill using 3600 leadership questionnaire based on the work of Kouzes and Posner (2003). The leadership questionnaire helped me identify my strengths and weaknesses. My strengths outlined according to the 3600 questionnaire were determination, competent and strong communicator and networker. I could identify my strengths as a leader with the above theories of leadership. The weakness of my leadership skills outlined from the questionnaire was that I lacked the quality of inspiring and empowering others. Personal development plan (PDP), is a tool that can identify areas for further development and encourage lifelong learning. It acts as a process of planning, monitoring, assessment, and support to help staff develop their capabilities and potential to fulfill their job role and purpose. To identify my preferred learning style I undertook the Honey and Momford (1986) learning styles questionnaire and identified my preferred learning style as a strong reflector and a pragmatist and a moderate preference as that of a theorist. The best way that a reflector would learn is by observing individuals or group at work. They usually review what has happened and think about what they have learned, prefer doing tasks with tight deadlines. However a reflector learns less when acting as a leader or role playing. Doing things with no time to prepare and while being thrown at deep ends. Using the Gibbs model of reflection (1988) I was able to describe an incident which helped me learn about a new experience. The incident took place at the lecture hall 7020 in my university. I had an opportunity to learn about communication and personality. I learned about the Myer’s-Brigg’s inventory on the types of personalities and the dichotomies which elicited the personality traits. I thought about the dichotomy and was able to relate and identify my personality trait. Before learning about the inventory on personality I was not aware of my traits. The experience has helped me to understand and make me aware of myself and also to regard different personalities other than mine. Thus helping me to understand people with different personality traits and build up a harmonious interaction. The learning has helped me formulate an action in my personal development plan to enable me to inspire others as a leader and empower them. The Gibb’s cycle (1988) is a cyclic al process; it’s easy to understand and is very malleable and flexible. All the most Gibb’s cycle has helped me develop a personal development plan action. The Myers-Briggs type indicator is based on the Carl Jung’s theory of personality. The model identifies human behavior and personality styles in four dimensions. Bar and Bar (1989) who did study and administered Myers-Briggs type indicators in various managers and executives suggested that leaders must develop excellence in all eight areas to maintain consistent leadership. The dimensions are life attitude under which categories are extroversion or introversion. The second dimension is perception under which the category is sensing or intuiting. The third dimension is judgment under which categories of thinking or feeling are described. The fourth dimension is outer world orientation which holds categories of judging or perceiving. The core issue of leadership throughout the essay exemplifies the dynamic nature of leadership. The reflective learning process is a very important aspect of leadership within health care Transformational and transactional leadership qualities are regarded to the lie within leadership ability which demands high quality care Avolio and Bass (1998). The learning style helps a leader to understand the specific learning needs by developing a personal development plan involving reflective thinking. Great leader are not made and not born. REFERENCES Atkins, S. and Murphy, K. (1994)’ Reflective Practice ‘, nursing standard, 8(39), pp: 49-50. Bass, B.M. , Avolio, B.J. , and Goodheim , L. (1987) Biography and the assessment of transformational leadership at the world – class level , journal of management, 13(1), pp: 17-19. Bennis, W. (1989) Why leaders can’t lead. San Francisco: Jossey-Boss. Bernis, W. and Nannes, B. (1985) Leaders: the strategies for taking charge. London: Harper and Row. Bitpipe.com (2006), Leadership (IT management leadership) definition from http://www.bitpipe.com/list/leadership.html(accessed on May 5th 2011). Bond, D., Keogh, C. and Walter, D. (Eds) (1985) Reflection: Turning experience into learning, Kogan Page, London. Burns, J.M. (2003) Transforming Leadership. Newyork NY: Groove/ Atlantic Inc. Cook, C. (2003) The many faces of diversity: Overview and summary, online journal of issues in nursing, 8(1) accessed on 7th May 2011, http://www.nursingworld.org/ojin/topic20/tpc20ntr.htm. Dewey, J (1933) how we think. Boston MA: Dc Health and co. Feidler, F. (1967) A theory of leadership effectiveness. Newyork: Mc Graw- Hill. Ghaye, T. and Lillyman, S. (1997) Learning Journal of critical incidents: Reflective practice for health care professionals, Sallisburry: Mark Ellen Publications. Gibbs, G. (1988) Learning by doing: A guide to learning and teaching methods. Birmingham: Sced. Gofee, R. and Jones, G. (2000) Why should anyone be led by you?, Harvard business review, 78(5), pp: 63- 70. Greenleaf, R.K. (1977), Servant leadership: A journey in the nature of legitimate power and greatness. Newyork: Panlist. Hay group (2007) Nurse Leadership: being nice is not enough. London: Hay group. Hersey, D. and Blanchard, K.H (1988) Management of organizational behavior: utilizing human resources, 5th edn. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall. Hughes, R.L., Ginnet, R.C. and Curphy, G.J. (2006) Leadership enhancing the lessons of experience, 5th edn. Boston: Mcgraw Hill. Hurley, J. and Linsley, P. (2007) ‘Leadership challenges to move nurses towards collaborative individualism within a neocorporate beauraucratic environment’, Journal of Nursing Management, 15, pp: 749-755. Johns, C. (1994) ‘Nuances of reflection’, journal of clinical nursing, 3, pp: 71-75. Kembler, D. (2006) Reflective teaching and learning in health profession. Oxford: Blackwell science ltd. Kenmore, P. (2008) ‘Applied leadership’, nursing management, 15(1), pp: 24-26. Kotter, J.P. (1990) A force for change: How leadership differs from managementFreepress: Newyork. Kouzes, J.M. and Posner, B.Z. (1987) The Leadership Challenge: How to get extraordinary things done in organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass publishers. Longnecker, P.D. (2006), Evaluating transformational leadership skills in hospice executives, American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 23(3), pp: 205-211 Louden, w. (1991) Understanding Teaching. London: Cassell. Marquis, L.B. and Huston, J.C. (2009) Leadership roles and management functions in nursing. China: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Mc Guire, E. and Kennerly, S.M. (2006) Nurse Managers are transformational and transactional leaders, Nursing Economics, 24(9), pp: 179-186. Mezirow, J. (1983) ‘Critical theory of adult learning and education’ in education for adults, vol (1), Ed MTight, Croomhelen, London. Moon, A.J. (2002) reflections in learning and professional development. London: Kogan page. Northhouse, P.G. (1997) Leadership: Theory and practice. San Francisco CA: Sage. Smyth, J. (1989) ‘Developing and sustaining critical reflection in teacher’s education’, journal of teacher education, 40(2), pp: 2-9. Sullivan, E.J. and Garland, G. (2010) Practical Leadership and Management in Nursing, 7th edn, London: Prentice Hall. Taylor, V. (2007) ‘Leadership for service improvement’, Nursing Management, 13(9), pp: 30-34. Tomney, M.A. (1993) Transformational leadership in nursing. Missouri: Mosby. Weihrich, H., Koontz, H. (2005) Management: A global perspective, 11th edn. Singapore: Mc Graw Hill. Wilding, M.P. (2008) Reflective practice: A learning tool for student nurse, British Journal of Nursing, 17(11), pp: 721-724. 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Wall Street Essays (204 words) - 20th Century Fox Films, Wall Street

Wall Street Johnny Cockrocker WALL STREET In the big city of New York there always exist those who push the envelope a bit, and stretch the law. One such man played by Michael Douglas makes money buying and selling others dreams. He is a stock speculator; but one that succeeds based on illegal inside information. As he puts it I make nothing, I own Released in 1987, Oliver Stone's Wall Street is a representation of bad morals and poor business ethics in the business world. It also shows the negative effects, bad morals and poor business ethics can have on society. The film revolves around the actions of two main characters, Bud Fox (Charlie Sheen) and Gordon Gekko (Michael Douglas). Bud is a young stockbroker who comes from a working-class family and Gekko is a millionaire who Bud admires and wants to be associated with. Wall Street points out how wrong it is to exchange morality for money. Gordon Gekko reflects this message, and yet receives a standing ovation at a stockholders meeting after delivering his greed is good spe ech. The underlying theme of the movie is that greed is not only not ethical but it lacks moral substance in todays society. Film and Cinema

Free Essays on Diabilities And America

Millions of Americans deal with different disabilities throughout their life. Some disabilities are mental, while others are physical disabilities. There are some disabilities that are still being discussed about whether they are disabilities or not. Despite this, Americans are still able to cope with disabilities. There are many laws, interest groups, court rulings, and future rulings and laws that will shape American’s perspective of the disabled. There are several laws that have been passed to help both the physically and mentally disabled. The ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act), IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), and the Fair Housing Act, all help people with disabilities. The ADA is the most known disability act. The act covers both physical and mental disabilities. The law is intended to stop stigma and discrimination in the status quo. It provides guidelines that show how to accommodate for people with disabilities. The act is divided into five sections that covers all American life. Each part covers a specific area such as education and employment. The act basically insures equal treatments to people that are physically or mentally disabled. The act has been debated, because critics believe that the act is unconstitutional. Critics charge that the law does exactly what is meant to do. They claim that the law actually increases stigma and discrimination. They say, that by labeling a person as disabled, it actually increases discrimination in the current system. Another argument is that the employers that are actually taken to court almost always win. Several cases have been to Supreme Court concerning the constitutionality of the act. Another act t hat is quite important is the IDEA. The IDEA insures that all disabled children receive a good education designed specifically to meet their needs. The opponents of the act say that it is impossible to enact the law in such a way that every disabled child will... Free Essays on Diabilities And America Free Essays on Diabilities And America Millions of Americans deal with different disabilities throughout their life. Some disabilities are mental, while others are physical disabilities. There are some disabilities that are still being discussed about whether they are disabilities or not. Despite this, Americans are still able to cope with disabilities. There are many laws, interest groups, court rulings, and future rulings and laws that will shape American’s perspective of the disabled. There are several laws that have been passed to help both the physically and mentally disabled. The ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act), IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), and the Fair Housing Act, all help people with disabilities. The ADA is the most known disability act. The act covers both physical and mental disabilities. The law is intended to stop stigma and discrimination in the status quo. It provides guidelines that show how to accommodate for people with disabilities. The act is divided into five sections that covers all American life. Each part covers a specific area such as education and employment. The act basically insures equal treatments to people that are physically or mentally disabled. The act has been debated, because critics believe that the act is unconstitutional. Critics charge that the law does exactly what is meant to do. They claim that the law actually increases stigma and discrimination. They say, that by labeling a person as disabled, it actually increases discrimination in the current system. Another argument is that the employers that are actually taken to court almost always win. Several cases have been to Supreme Court concerning the constitutionality of the act. Another act t hat is quite important is the IDEA. The IDEA insures that all disabled children receive a good education designed specifically to meet their needs. The opponents of the act say that it is impossible to enact the law in such a way that every disabled child will...

Glow-in-the-Dark Crystal Snowflake

Glow-in-the-Dark Crystal Snowflake Learn how to make a glow-in-the-dark crystal snowflake or another glowing holiday ornament. This is a safe and easy project thats great for kids of all ages. The crystal ornaments are light-weight and inexpensive to make. You can use  borax to make ornaments, but if you try this project with younger children and are concerned about safety then you can use sugar (borax isnt particularly dangerous; just dont drink the solution and do wash your hands if you handle the ornaments.) The snowflake in the photo is a variation on the borax crystal snowflake project. Materials for a Glowing Ornament borax (or could use alum or Epsom salts equally well; sugar works but follow instructions for rock candy to grow the crystals)very hot water (I used water from my coffee maker)glow-in-the-dark paintpipe cleanersscissors or wire cutters (optional)butter knife or pencilglass or jar big enough for your ornamentmeasuring cup or larger glass for making the solutionpaintbrush or cotton swab (optional) Make a Glowing Ornament Shape your ornament. To make a snowflake, cut a pipe cleaner into thirds (doesnt have to be exact). Line up the pieces and twist them in the center. Bend the arms out to make the snowflake shape. Trim the arms to make them even, except the longest arm, which you can bend over a knife or pencil to suspend the ornament in crystal-growing solution. You can make other shapes, of course, like trees, stars, bells, etc.Coat the pipe cleaner shape with the glowing paint. Let your ornament dry or least set up to ensure good coverage. Allow it to sit 15-30 minutes, depending on how much paint you used.Prepare your solution. Pour hot water into your crystal-growing glass to fill it (this is measuring your volume). Dump this hot water into a larger glass or cup (where you will prepare the actual solution).Stir in borax or alum or Epsom salts until the solid stops dissolving and start collecting at the bottom of the container. The reason you are using separate containers for making the solution a nd growing the crystals is because you want a saturated solution for quick crystal growth, but no solids, which would compete with your ornament for crystal growth. Pour the clear solution into your crystal-growing glass. Rinse out your other container so no one accidentally drinks crystal solution.If your pipe cleaner has a long arm, attach the ornament directly to a knife or pencil (otherwise you will have to tie the ornament or use a second pipe cleaner, twisted onto the ornament and the knife/pencil). Rest the knife on top of the glass, being sure the ornament is completely immersed in the solution and not touching the sides or bottom of the container.Allow crystals to grow overnight or longer (until you like the way they look).Remove the ornament from the solution and allow it to dry. You can hang it over an empty glass or set it on a paper towel (unless you used sugar, for obvious reasons).You can store the ornaments wrapped in tissue paper. Tips and Safety Dont drink crystal-growing solution, dont eat the ornaments, etc. If you used sugar or alum (both found in food), the ornaments are very safe to handle. Even though the glowing paint is non-toxic, ornaments arent food.If you used borax or Epsom salts, rinse the dishes before putting them in the dishwasher. Its safe to wash any of these materials down the drain.You can vary the size of the crystals by using a less saturated solution (like 3 tablespoons of borax per cup of boiling water) and by controlling the cooling rate of the solution. If you are up for some experimentation, try refrigerating your warm solution and see what happens. What do you get if you keep the solution warm, like on sunny window?

Marketing strategies of Apple Inc Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing strategies of Apple Inc - Term Paper Example It's products and services include Macintosh (Mac) computers, iPhone, iPad, iPod, Apple TV, Xserve, a portfolio of consumer and professional software applications, the Mac OS X and iOS operating systems, third-party digital content and applications through the iTunes Store, and a range of accessory, service and support offerings† (Corporate Information, 2011, p. 1) With the rich legacy and tradition that has revolutionized computer technology of the 20th century, Apple Inc. has been revered by contemporary organizations as an icon of global technology. In this regard, the current research aims to proffer pertinent information that highlights the marketing strategies employed and implemented by Apple Inc. in its journey towards exemplary performance and financial success. Products Apple’s products are categorized into personal computers (PCs), to operating systems (OS), peripherals and the latest non-PC product lines (iPod, iPhone, among others). A quick view of the offic ial website’s product images and information classify their offers as: iPad and iPhone; Mac; iPod and iTunes; and iCloud; with specified retail stores for these products (Apple Inc., 2011). The slump in the technology industry, particularly in terms of trends in personal computers in the 2000s shifted Apple’s focus in the digital technology market that enabled them to recover from financial distress. The innovative strategy of designing iPhone was another instrumental investment that paid off for Apple. Having capitalized on the increasing proliferation of mobile phones, the technology of uniting the features offered in iPod to mobile technology attained the object to reinventing the phone to what emerged as the iPhone. As advertised in their website: â€Å"iPhone 4 features a durable glass design, the remarkably high-resolution Retina display, FaceTime video calling, a 5-megapixel camera with HDR capability, and HD video recording. It’s the biggest thing to ha ppen to iPhone since iPhone† (Apple Inc., 2011). Marketing Strategies The success of Apple Inc. has been attributed to their expertise and competitive advantage of knowing their products and scanning for opportunities in their external environment. As revealed by Vertygo Team (2011), â€Å"Apple has been so successful in these last years thanks to the fresh, imaginative way to think and do its business: a winning combination of exceptional products, great style and design, great strategy, innovative marketing, sleek and enticing communications† (par. 1). Apart from these, Apple’s competitive advantages could be summed as follows: (1) possesses strong corporate position and image as a pioneer manufacturer and marketing of easy-to-use computer for a wide range of customers; (2) positioned itself as an established manufacturer of high quality products: (3) exhibited exemplary competence in both hardware and software applications; (4) invested considerably and strate gically in research and development paving the way for the discovery of new product designs deemed to be more versatile than competitors and creation of innovative applications; (5) possesses the ability to employ strong leaders with vast professional experiences; (6) offered products packaged in strategic designs to focus on the products’

Final-44 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final-44 - Essay Example the annexation of Texas took place in 1845 when the white settlers fought for freedom from Mexico and petitioned the newly formed Republic of Texas for the Union for statehood. Then the western border between the US and the Canada was agreed to be situated at 49o of north latitude. Later, US won the Mexican war in 1848 and thereby conquered California and New Mexico through the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty. Afterwards, by the Gadsden Purchase, the southern Arizona was taken in 1853 from Mexico1. Thus, by the 1853 agreement, the US achieved the Manifest Destiny that constitutes the contiguous states. Annexing Texas was so important that the Manifest Destiny could have ended without it. Texas was neither part of US nor an independent state since 1836 as Mexico did not affirm Texas’s independence and also, they threatened America of war in case of providing any assistance to Texas. Thus, Texas had to acquire help from other countries in order to pay for their military expenses. Subsequently, Texas signed treaties with France, Belgium and Holland in 1839 and 1840. Moreover, the Great Britain was also looking forward to Texas so as to control or acquire the United States. Hence, the US annexed Texas so that the foreign powers can be inhibited from harming America. Annexation of Texas led to the war with Mexico that further brought additional territory under US control2 as discussed above. Americans settled the great western frontier after crossing the Mississippi River. A massive westward movement evolved after the discovery of gold in California. The annexation of the southw est territories played a significant role in the expansion of US without which the Manifest Destiny was unachievable since this annexation resulted in to an inchoate union of the conflict territories in to a successful democracy stretching throughout a continent full of fertile land, natural resources and